The Effective Satire of Voltaires Candide :: Voltaire Candide Essays

The Effective Satire of Voltaires Candide In Candide, Voltaire sought to point out the fallacy of Gottfried Leibnizs theory of optimism and the hardships brought on by the resulting inaction toward the evils of the world. Voltaires use of satire, and its techniques of exaggeration and logical argument highlight the evil and brutality of war and the world in general when men are meekly accepting of their fate. Leibniz, a German philosopher and mathematician of Voltaires time, developed the judgement that the world they were living in at that time was the best of all possible worlds. This systematic optimism shown by Leibniz is the philosophical system that believed everything already was for the best, no yield how terrible it seemed. In this satire, Voltaire showed the world full of natural disasters and brutality. Voltaire also used contrast in the personalities of the characters to convey the message that Leibnizs ism should not be dealt with every seriousness. Leibniz, somet imes regarded as a Stoic or Fatalist because his philosophies were based on the idea that everything in the world was determined by fate, theorized that God, having the ability to charge from an infinite number of worlds, chose this world, the best of all possible worlds. Although Voltaire chose that simple quality of Leibnizs philosophy to satirize, Leibniz meant a little more than just that. Even though his philosophy stated that God chose the best of all possible worlds, he also meant that God, being the perfection he is, chose the best world available to him, unfortunately it was a world containing evil. It seems as though Voltaire wanted to ridicule Leibnizs philosophy so much that he chose to satirize only the literal meaning and fatal sufferance of evil of Leibnizs philosophy. To get his point across in Candide, Voltaire created the character Dr. Pangloss, an unconditional follower of Leibnizs philosophy. Voltaire shows this early in the novel by stating, He proved commend able that there is no effect without a cause and that, in this best of all possible worlds....(16) Pangloss goes on to say that everything had its aspire and things were made for the best. For example, the nose was created for the purpose of wearing spectacles (Voltaire 16). Because of his great knowledge, Candide, at this point a very naive and impressionable youth, regards Pangloss as the greatest philosopher in the world, a reverence that testament soon be contradicted by contact with reality (Frautschi 75).

Fight Club Essay -- essays research papers

What did the film Distort?A film adaptation of a book freighter be like hearsay. The author writes a novel to send a certain content. Someone else reads it interprets it in a different way and talks to a film producer. The film producers then take its, leaves out major events, shift the ending and make a film with a completely different message than the author. The author then screams bloody murder then takes his cut from the box office. Joesph Boggs, the author of Problems with Adaptation, says We expect the film to duplicate exactly the experience we had seeing the licentiousness or in reading the novel. That is, of course, completely impossible (Boggs 672). No one told this theory to David Fincher, the director of Fight Club. Fincher stuck almost like glue to the novel. He did however, change a few events in the novel and the ending but stills successfully puts Palahniuks words on screen that even made Palahniuk happy to throw his profits.Most of the changes Fincher made to P alahniuk novel were minor and insignificant. One example is the eke out Tyler and the narrator used to make soap. In the novel, they steal the fat from Marla. Marla was keeping her mothers liposuction fat for her own plastic operating theatre. They steal the fat and store it in the Paper Street Soap Companys fridge. In the movie, Fincher had Tyler and the Narrator steal it from a plastic surgery dumpster. In the novels version it could be interpreted as another th...

Anatomy of Criticism by Northrop Frye Essay -- Anatomy Criticism North

Anatomy of Criticism by Northrop FryeIn Anatomy of Criticism, author Northrop Frye writes of the low mimetic tragic hero and the society in which this hero is a victim. He introduces the concept of pathos saying it is the study of the isolated mind, the story of how someone recognizably like ourselves is broken by a conflict among the inner and outer world, between imaginative reality and the sort of reality that is established by a social consensus (Frye 39). The hero of Hannah W. Fosters novel, The vamper undoubtedly suffers the fate of these afore work forcetioned opposing ideals. In her inability to confine her imagination to the acceptable definitions of early American female social behavior, Eliza Wharton travel victim to the equivocalness of her societys sentiments of womens roles. Because she attempts to claim the freedom her society superficially advocates, she is condemned as a coquette and suffers the consequences of exercising an independent mind. Yet, Eliza does n ot stand whole in her position as a pathetic figure. Her lover, Major Sanford -- who is often considered the villain of the novel -- also is constrained by societal expectations and definitions of American men and their ambition. Though Sanford conveys an honest desire to make Eliza his wife, society encourages marriage as a connection in order to advance socially and to secure a fortune. Sanford, in contrast to Eliza, suffers as a result of adhering to social expectations of a males role. While Eliza suffers because she lives her life outside of her social categorization and Sanford pass ons because he attempts to maneuver and manipulate the system in which he lives, both are victims of an imperfect, developing, American society. Though Elizas ... ... comic hero. This flaw seems to be a result of the greater defect of the society in which he functions. Certainly not an innocent and having his own characterization of the same fatal flaw as Eliza a decisive determination for independence -- Sanford shares in the traditional tragic conclusion of isolation and loss. Despite an attractive interpretation that Eliza Wharton deserves her tragic fate because she is excessively scandalous of a seductress, her fall is actually a result of her desire for autonomy in a society that denies women that right. Also, to view Sanford as a stonyhearted villain would be reductionary. He too, like Eliza, is subject to the judgements, constraints, and values of a flawed society in which he is separated from his true love. Both characters fall as a result of their desire for relational freedoms that early American society denies them.

Music Censorship :: essays research papers fc

Should Music be Censored?Once great deal hear about the United States they automatically relate the country to the intelligence information freedom. Little do they know that this country has more similarities to countries where security review plays a major role in their daily lives, due to their regimen. One of the major issues that implicate censorship within the United States is the question whether or not music should be censored and how will p arents or the government decide at what advance it is appropriate to allow children to listen to music pertaining profanity? There are two sides to this issue there are people who are for and there are those who are against censorship in music. At what point does action transcend from a matter of consumer choice to the matter of censorship? I think that the government and parents should not refrain their children from listening to different kinds of music, because once they do that, they deprive their children from knowing whats ha ppening in our society.People that are for the issue of censorship are usually from the older generation. These people consist of government officials that have children of their own. They believe that music pertaining profanity is one of the main factors for the problems that occur in our society. such problems consist of an increase in violence and drug use amongst adolescents. An example was the incident that occurred at Columbine High School, where the media and others looked towards music as one of the causes for the incident. They get hold that the music promotes sex, drugs, and violence. Critics believe that the children are not quite mature to listen to music with profanity in it. On the other side of the issue many people think , neither parent nor the government should censor the type of music their children listen to. By withholding art it goes against the first amendment that deals with freedom of speech, express as Congress shall make no law representing an establish ment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or the press or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and petition the Government for a redress of grievances (Graham). Another reason why we should not have music censorship is because is that it makes people aware of what is going on in the world. It opens ideas, and brings a whole new meaning to art.

Chemistry Coursework †Fuels Essay -- GCSE Chemistry Coursework Invest

Chemistry coursework FuelsPlanning========Aim---In this investigation I will have to find out which of the alcoholfuels methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, is the crush. Thebest genius will be the one which creates the close energy whilstburning.Introduction and prediction---------------------------A fuel is a substance burned for heat or power. The best type of fuelis one that can be transported safely without the worry of itcatching on fire, gives out a lot of heat for a authentic mass, does notcost very much, lights quickly, burns slowly, is safe to use and doesnot give off any form of polluting gases.When burning alcohols, as I am going to do in this investigation, thereaction is exothermic as heat is given out. Breaking the bonds of theoriginal alcohol by burning requires energy-it is endothermic, makingthe bonds of the spick-and-span products of burning the alcohol ie carbon dioxideand water gives out energy-it is exothermic.I predict that Butanol will require the mo st energy as it has the mostbonds holding the carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms together. Propanolwill require the second largest amount of energy, Ethanol the thirdand Methanol the least amount of energy to mark these bonds.Methanol CH3OHEthanol C2H5OHPropanol C3H7OHButanol C4H9OHPentanol C5H10OHTherefore I predict that Methanol will be the best fuel, followed byEthanol, then Propanol and the pommel fuel will be Buta...

Chemistry Coursework †Fuels Essay -- GCSE Chemistry Coursework Invest

Chemistry coursework FuelsPlanning========Aim---In this investigation I will have to find place which of the alcoholfuels methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, is the surpass. Thebest one will be the one which creates the most energy whilstburning.Introduction and prediction---------------------------A fuel is a effect burned for heat or power. The best type of fuelis one that can be transported safely without the worry of itcatching on fire, gives out a lot of heat for a certain mass, does notcost very much, lights quickly, burns slowly, is safe to use and doesnot give off any sour of polluting gases.When burning alcohols, as I am going to do in this investigation, thereaction is exothermic as heat is given out. Breaking the bonds of theoriginal alcohol by burning waits energy-it is endothermic, makingthe bonds of the new products of burning the alcohol ie carbon dioxideand water gives out energy-it is exothermic.I predict that Butanol will require the most energy as it ha s the mostbonds holding the carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms together. Propanolwill require the second largest amount of energy, Ethanol the thirdand methyl alcohol the least amount of energy to break these bonds.Methanol CH3OHEthanol C2H5OHPropanol C3H7OHButanol C4H9OHPentanol C5H10OHTherefore I predict that Methanol will be the best fuel, followed byEthanol, then Propanol and the worst fuel will be Buta...

Galaxy and Dense Gas Passes

Comparing a yellow star, a blue star, and a red star, we could determine unspoilt from color that the hottest star was the 10. One. BLUE Rotation curves of spiral galaxies show that stars orbital speeds dont drop off with distance from the galactic center as expected, and thus connote the existence of . The main sequence includes the following kinds of stars B) Hot, blue, large, massive ones and cool, red, small, low-mass ones 12. Which of the following was not an era In the history of the universe?The phases of the moon are caused by D) The coincidence of the Earth/moon/sun system making a different portion of the Spectra help us determine the composition of astronomical objects because A) Each element, compound, or ion has a different set of spectral lines. 15. Dark energy is the most important factor in the of the universe. A) Accelerating 16. Universe scenario for the fate The outer planets are more(prenominal) massive than the inner planets because C) Both of the above 17. T he three basic types of galaxies are B) Spiral, elliptical, and irregular. 8. A planet orbiting a star feels a force due to the stars gloominess that C) Increases with the stars mass and decreases with the square of the distance. 19. Massive main sequence stars A) Have hot cores, use their hydrogen rapidly, and go supernova after a short life. 0. Hubbubs law gives us an indirect way to measure a galaxys D) Distance. 21. We can determine an objects temperature from its thermal (or blackbody) spectrum by finding the wavelength at which it emits the most electromagnetic radiation.Galileo findings from his telescopic observations were revolutionary because he showed that the heavens were not perfect. B) FALSE 28. If the sun had begun fusion later, so it did not clear the solar nebula of its remaining gas so soon, Uranus and Neptune might have twist as large as Jupiter and Saturn are now. A) TRUE 29. If the sun somehow instantaneously became a 1 solar mass black hole, the Earth gibe t o Hubbubs law, the reediest of a distant galaxy is directly related to its temperature. B) False

Journeys: Meaning of Life and Inner Journey Essay

To go on a journey does not necessarily require unmatched to fleshlyly sack from one(a) place to another. A journey can happen anywhere, and at any time, even if you are not moving. An inner journey is to transcend above the physical and temporal world into a spiritual realm. This enables one to look at life attentively and be alert to the lessons learnt from experience. Of Eurydice by Ivan Lalic, Fax X by Gwyneth Lewis, Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Graham, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost, The Red Tree by Shaun Tan and Baraka directed by Ron Fricke are five texts that explore this concept of inner journeys.Collectively they present inner journeys to be inevitable, that they require you to chance on up choices and that they make water you ask questions of an ontological nature. It can be argued that inner journeys are inevitable in that they are unavoidable. Whether we are open to it or resist it, essentially we grow from experience and consequently this growth contribut es to ones understanding of self. This conception is presented in Of Eurydice through with(predicate) choice of words such as injustice, despair and death.These words all spend a penny connotations to the fact that death is inevitable, and the persona has come to realize this when his is unable to return from a journey with his goal. This supports the idea that journeys are indeed inevitable and cannot be avoided furthermore his understanding is emphasized when the composer ends with hideously enriched. This use of oxymoron is effective in that it portrays that idea of growing and learning from the most painful experiences. Similarly, Fax X also deals with the idea of journeys beingness inevitable the metaphorical use of a cruising ship implies hopeful prospects for a better day.However the symbolic use of Tomorrow ringing turn up like a buoy presents the depressing idea that essentially we are only looking ahead and mindlessly keeping ourselves occupied until death engulfs u s. consequently it is arguable that Inner journeys are unavoidable, as we cannot escape the fact that one-day we will die. As humans we incomprehensibly attempt to outlive our allotted lifespan, in doing so we reserve ourselves on an inner journey of realization and consequently acceptance for death.In addition, inner journeys are essentially about the choices one has to make in life, as conflict and contradiction are at the heart of any journey. Wind in the willows is an example of how conflicting attitudes in ones self determines what route we choose. Wind in the willows presents three characters that represents the ego of one person the optimist who is open to change, the pessimist who resists it, and the one little voice stranded in the middle trying to make a choice. The attitudes of these three different personalities are presented through language, which depicts the nature of the characters.The punctuation of the toads character constantly consists of commas. This creates an exhilarating effect that enables the audience to reap caught up into the toads excitement and zest for life. The language of the toad is also that of an optimist. The use of tomorrow, beautiful and we suggests that the toad is happy and willing to go on a journey and is open to change. The Rats attitude however is in complete contrast to the toads. The use of adjectives such as slowly, and bank hands into his pockets suggests that the rat despises change.Hence the use of these two character, with the mole being indecisive in-between alludes to the choices one that to make constantly in life. Our unsatisfied aridness for more is hindered by our obligations to be responsible and sensible. Hence this conflict within ones self depicts the inner journey of the responder trying to make choices by weighing pros and cons in their heads. Similarly, The Road not taken presents elements of uncertainty as well as the burden of making choices. However this is communicated to the responder through symbolism, alliteration and accumulation of words.The Road itself is symbolic of choice. The title indicates that the poem is about the road the composer did not take. In conjunction with the use of alliteration in valued wear it reflects the personas desires and personal aspiration. The choice of words such as Diverged, yellow and sorry are connation to choice, the uncertainty of making such choices and the sadness of having to make choices. The accumulation of these words suggests that the persona is filled with an overwhelming sense of hopelessness and regret.Regret stems from his inability to be everything he wants to be and hopelessness of being incapable of exploring all the possibilities and desires in his life, because ultimately life is too short. The Road Not Taken laments on the reality of life, that one cannot be everything due to the compress nature of making choices. However one cannot escape making choices in life, and every choice that you make will consci ously or unconsciously take you onto an inner journey of realization, hope and desire.Furthermore, inner journeys essentially require you ask questions of an ontological nature. An inner journey is present in the human desire and insatiable thirst to seek answers concerning who are they, what they are worth and the purpose of their life. This concept is evident in The Red Tree by Shaun Tan, which depicts the story of a boors struggle to go through her place in the world. The ambiguity of the child allows the responder to reflect upon the child within themselves and their personal desire to find ones sense of self in a confusing and incomprehensible world.This idea is presented in frame two of the palaeolithic Fish. The milky eyes of the Paleolithic search have connotations to death the open mouth of the fish suggests that the child is being engulfed by a world full of doom and despair. However in the same frame, a little red leaf still lingers. The use of the colour red implies the leaf is one of passion and hope of the individual. The conjunction of the fish and the leaf suggest that journeys are depressing, as they require you to look at the depth of your being and your insignificance.However, despite the profanity of our reflection of our inner journeys there is ever of sense hope that exists and enables us to continue on with life. Baraka directed by Ron Fricke extends on this struggle to find answers in life. Using production elements such as sound, lighting, transition grade and camera angles, Fricke show humanitys attempts to find answers through human relationship with nature and religious exploration. The transition of lighting from dark and light in the opening sequence suggests the evils and beauty of the world.The camera angles of the mountains are such that the mountain seems empowering and it appears that it is leading up to the sky. This is followed by quick transition rates that occur through the shots of technology, which are a reflectio n of the busy, and conglomerated lives humans. The contrast between these images enable meaning to be made and allows the responder to transcend above the physical and temporal world and reflect upon the way humans live. In such a convoluted and technologically elite world, humanities underlying desire is to find the ultimate purpose in life.

Advertising Analysis

Advertisements often find ways to sell their products by psychologically manipulating people. The advertising industry makes us envious of others and convinces us to be unhappy with what we have (Valko). Steve madden ads usually feature women with absurdly large betokens and hourglass bodies which try to describe the hearing to wonder what the ad is about. One of these odd ads appears in the March/April 2001 issue of Twist Magazine.It features a young woman with a big head helplessly running, as an airplane zooms over her at an abandoned airport. There are three characteristics within the ad that contribute the whole vagary that Steve craze shoes, clothes and accessories will improve your self image. The main purpose of Steve Madden ads is to suggest to its viewers that they will feel good about themselves by wearable his products. The models big head conveys self-esteem and self-pride and she challenges the consumer to scene as good as she does.The young woman wears a face of emergency and is running away from her old self to start her new confident life with Steve Madden products. The sleek black leather jacket on peak of a sexy white shirt, short enough to reveal her stomach and curvaceous hips together with her tight low rider blue jeans, black pointy gritty boots, and trendy black bag complete her fashionable outfit. The embellished womans physique is aimed to appeal to women and girls between the ages of 16 through 25 in wait of funky, hip, sexy clothes.Steve Madden likes to think of his clothes of as being distinctive and he illustrates his idea by setting an abandoned airport as the primer coat for the ad. There is not a body in sight as the model runs across the old gum stained pavement. This calls attention to the idea that by wearing Steve Madden buyers isolate themselves from everyone else. She is too proud and conceited and cannot imagine being compared to anyone else.The Steve Madden logo in the ad also contributes to the main idea of the ad. It could have been anywhere on the page, why the sky. Steve Madden ads always have their logos imprinted on the sky to imply that the sky is the limit with Steve madden products (Liza). Steve Maddens use of the airplane flying across the models head are to let his consumers know that the only thing to stop them from accomplishing the look they have in mind is the limit the set upon themselves.Steve Madden will help its buyers attain the appearance they have always envisioned. Furthermore, it can be said, in Bertrand Russells words that Good advertisements will either make the audience envious of the lifestyle being advertised, or will generate within the audience the desire to be envied by others (Harris). Many advertisers arent as successful but Steve Madden manages to persuade his buyers to buy his products through his eccentric ads.

How can we solve banning hijab problem Essay

The solvent of hijab is one of the most controversial and hotly debated issue which has merged in the European, especially French scene with regard to racial and religious and gender based discrimination in the 21st century. It is slender religious issue which has impacted the facts of life of a section of religious sect on a very substantial front. This ban got implemented by French government on second September, 2004 and has been taken up by the legal and political activists in various parts of Europe like Germany, Belgium and other nations worldwide. This has brought to the surface the worlds booking with regard to security measures of women in Islam from gender discrimination and imposition of extreme fundamentalist view which reinforces the superiority. As Binnaz Toprak expresses The scarf is a symbol of the inferior status of women (Viewpoint).It is important for Moslem men non impose such discrimination of gender publicly which reinforces in countries which support equ ality of status by forcing on young coach going children the visible discrimination which is offensive to the society in which they have chosen to immigrate. The national laws and observances need o be obligingnessed an integrated whenever at that place is the possibility and intentional decision to chose a mod residence with permanent status. The issue of banning hijab is an ethical issue which can have philosophical as well as ideological touch which makes the issue very controversial and complicated. This is also a very multicultural issue which brings the issue of world conflict into the classroom atmosphere and hence legislation and well measures taken by the French government has been the triggering the issue which has been supported by many European and western sandwich nations even central Asian countries. French compensate wing President Jacques Chiracs policy to impose a ban on the wearing of the Moslem veil (hijab) by girls in schools has split the left both in Fr ance and internationally.(Workers Power).The issue is very sensitive issue which addresses the radical belief of very immoderate and racist society which has chosen to immigrate in liberal nations worldwide. It is also a healthful religious imposition which has been challenged by the secular countries which do not want such open expression to be part of the school atmosphere. The task related to the ban on hijab should be encouraged as a message to this orthodox community. The radical nature of such social order and racist belief does need to be addressed with firmness abut sensitive approach which is based on education and awareness rather than strong legal imposition. The issue should be addressed as secular issue which has to be made a fundamental pillar which should be presented as an integrated strategy to support the socialist and political issues which can be addressed by campaigns and education conferences. There should be introduction of programmes which support such cam paigns and does not directly challenge the dogmatic beliefs which reinforces religious teaching on and universal platform.The issue is more a socialist issue which aims to remove any strong religious bias which has been associated with the history of racism. The racist issue is another dimension to this problem of banning hijab, which has been a cultural expression which is indicator of oppressive status of women in certain cultural societies and which has not yet been challenged with force and support which is strong enough to break the dogmatic and extremist imposition. The stricture which provides the details of using veil and hijab in Muslim society has been clearly defined and dictated in Quran and has been an indicator of strong oppression toward feminine gender. It is important that people who take the imitative to move out for economic or social reasons to new liberal country would be open minded enough to embrace the progressive nature of the society and give opportunity to their children and women to have equal rights and respect them with civility. This would also allow for their easy assimilation within the new social network and not make them stand out as different in an inferior sort of manner.It can also be an awkward situation for people who have not seen such treatment to women in their culture to subscribe to such oppressive and discriminatory display by attire in their tradition. This can also lead to hostile situation in which oppression on with racial bias can make the transition difficult for the hijab wearing masses within the new liberal communities. The issue of hijab especially when dealing with extremist approach of the Muslim community who are staunch followers of the teachings of Quoran should be reinforced by the fact that support should be given to womens right and religious based bias should not impede their children based on cultural and religious and racial impositions.The policy and legal support should reinforce perimeter as well as understanding which would go to an enormous way in making individual rights to have free expression as strong phenomenon which can support the issue with sensitivity and force which can help foster understanding and acceptance. It should be stressed that ban on hijab is to reduce the obstruction which is an expression of oppression and gender bias, and the objective is to encourage gender integration and discourage gender segregation. The powerful message of integration would be the key to acquire cooperation and support which can help the issue of banning hijab.

Asthma Disease Essay

Asthma is a lung disease that makes breathing difficult for millions of Ameri nets, both immature and old. There is no cure for asthma attack, but the good news is it can be managed and treated so you can live a normal, healthy life. (http//www.lung.org/lung-disease/asthma/)Asthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, abruptness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Sputum may be produced from the lung by coughing but is often hard to bring up. During recuperation from an attack, it may appear pus-like due to senior high levels of white blood cells called eosinophils. Symptoms are usually worse at night and in the early morning or in response to exercise or cold air. Some people with asthma rarely experience symptoms, usually in response to triggers, whereas others may devour marked and persistent symptoms. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and broncho spasm. popular symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Its diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time and spirometry. It is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow rate. Treatment of acute symptoms is usually with an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist and oral corticosteroids. In very severe cases, intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required. Symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by the use of inhaled corticosteroids. Long-acting beta agonists or leukotriene antagonists may be used in addition to inhaled corticosteroids if asthma symptoms remain uncontrolled. The occurrence of asthma has increased significantly since the 1970s. In 2011, 235300 mi llion people globally have been diagnosed with asthma, Signs and symptomsAsthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Sputum may be produced from the lung by coughing but is often hard to bring up. During recovery from an attack,it may appear pus-like due to high levels of white blood cells called eosinophils. Symptoms are usually worse at night and in the early morning or in response to exercise or cold air. Some people with asthma rarely experience symptoms, usually in response to triggers, whereas others may have marked and persistent symptoms. Associated conditionsA way out of other health conditions occur more frequently in those with asthma, including gastro-esophageal reflux disease, rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea. Psychological disorders are also more common, with anxiety disorders occurring in between 1652% and mood disorders in 1441%. However, it is not known if asthma causes psychological prob lems or if psychological problems lead to asthma.

Racial Prejudice

Racial Prejudice It Is human nature to want to ascertain accepted. Prejudice In the United States, specifically with immigration has been a major Issue. Julie Toasts describes this preconceived notion in Evacuation value 1 9 which is about a Japanese-American family and the internment camps that affect them during World War II. However, preconceived notion is not only found in the United States. maritime Satraps writes about her experience as an Iranian during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and her refuge in Austria to kibosh high school In the graphic novel The Vegetable.While Evacuation Order 19 Is about exclusion and The Vegetable Is about acceptance, they both brood with the predelude associated with Immigration. It Is hard to compare apples and oranges, just as it is hard to compare a short story and a graphic novel. Regardless of the style of piece, the point of writing is to convey a message to the reader. Both do a pretty good job of yielding the difficulties of livin g in a foreign country, further Toasts describes the exclusion associated with immigration in a more powerful look.Evacuation Order 19 by Julie Toasts is about a Japanese-American family living In California In the spring of 1942. After the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor In December of 1 941 , rumors began spreading around the united States that Japanese- Americans were going to sabotage military efforts. hot seat Roosevelt issued an order that would imprison nearly 120,000 people with Japanese ancestry. The characters in Evacuation Order 19 are being affected by this order. The family had assimilated into the community forward President Roosevelt issued the order.We understand that the mother has a fri supplantly relationship with the store owner Joe Lund. Melee Glasses, Joe Lund said the moment she walked through with(predicate) the door (Toasts 381 This shows that the family assimilated Into the local orderliness because the shop owner comments on something new he sees with her. Joe Lund even offers that the mother does not have to pay for the items she purchased from the store. The reader is led to infer that the family has been a distinguish of the community for a long time and they are nice people that wouldnt do anything to harm the country.As the story concludes, we see that the family is being taken to wherever It was they had to SGF because of their hurry and the family cannot do anything about It. The exclusion that is imminent on the family is a direct result of racial preconception. The Vegetable by MarAnne Satraps takes place in the late asses or early 1 sass in Vienna, Austria and is about her own life. Marine Is Iranian and living without her parents as she attends school in Austria. During the late ass, Iran was going through a large scale political and social revolution.The revolution became violent in many tuitions, In fact in January of 1978 students began to protest and many students died during the protest. As a reader of The Vege table we dont know the nationality of Marine until page 482 when she sees stories about Iran on the TV and she talks about her attempts to make her past disappear (Satraps 482). We do not really see her being excluded or treated differently because of her nationality by the other students. It seems that she does not accept herself as she is constantly changing the way she looks and that she smokes marijuana with some of the other students.As and makes the comment about trying to disappear. In the end when she proclaims she finally relinquished the prejudice that she put on herself. The exclusion Marine feels is because of her race but also because she put herself into a situation where she feels excluded. Both stories show that the characters are capable of assimilating into the new culture and by the end the stories, racial prejudice has an effect on their lives. Evacuation Order 19 shows very clearly that the characters are being excluded found on racial prejudice where The Veget able implies that part of the exclusion is because of other factors, and not necessarily her race. The reader develops a besotteder emotional feel for Tossups characters because you feel bad for the situation they are in. To truly understand how a character is feeling, one would have to look at the choices or decisions that the character makes. The characters in these two stories both feel excluded, and the actions that they decide to take, show the extent of the racial prejudice.Julie Toasts writes about a mother who spends the entire day caking her house before her family and she are taken away. The degree of racial prejudice that she matt-up caused her to have a very emotional day. Not only did she pack away all of her belongings, she had to put down their dog, release their bird and hide mawkish objects and after hiding her emotions as to not scare her children, she finally has one last moment in her home to reflect on her emotions. And began to laugh restfully at first, b ut soon her shoulders were heaving and she was gasping for breath.She put down the bottle and waited for the laughter to stop but it would to, it kept on coming until finally the weeping were running down her cheeks (Toasts 386). Her emotions took over and she lost control because of the racial prejudice and what it made her do. Marine in The Vegetable felt such a strong exclusion from her racial prejudice that she decides to lie about her nationality to a stranger at a party. She wanted to disappear from her past because she was tired of being Judged based on where she is from. After Marine proclaims that she is proud to be Iranian, she starts crying. But really, I had nothing to cry about. I had Just redeemed myself. For the first time in years, I felt proud (Satraps 485). She felt so relieved that the weight of racial prejudice was no longer affecting her and she began to feel more comfortable. The actions that the characters perpetrate in these stories show the power that raci al prejudice put on them. The mothers actions in Evacuation Order 19 are a bit more extreme than Manners actions in The Vegetable and because the actions are more extreme, the reader cant help but feel more empowered by Tossups story.While both Julie Tossups Evacuation Order 19 and Marine Satraps The Vegetable have powerful effects on the reader, Toasts writes a more powerful story. She effectively shows the exclusion caused by racial prejudice and the effect it had on families during this time. The Vegetable has a confusing message because we are not sure if the stress she feels is from racial prejudice or if it is because of a teenagers epic desire to feel included where Evacuation Order 19 has a very clear and strong message of racial prejudice that makes the reader feel for them more.

Too much tv

Watching something on a dissemble ordain not replace watching it in real life. The viewer w woozy not get an education by watching shows wish The Sopranos or 24, Just akin it will not involve them dumber by watching shows like Keeping up with the Sardinian. Finally, it will not replace the fact that watching everything on a screen is not real life. While one can learn a great deal near what is freeing on in the world by watching the news on CNN or FOX or CBS, it is still important to try to get that said(prenominal) education in other forms like the newspaper, or the Internet.Getting everything you want from Just one source is never good, and it is Just too much T. V. I love watching television, and I watch it a lot, robbery more than I should. I love watching shows or the basketball game and losing myself in the excitement of a program. In addition, I like watching the news to learn what is going on in the world, what is going on domestically. For example I watch Nettling on rerun at night till I fall asleep or maybe I do it because I cannot sleep and I get bored.However, I have never felt smarter after I finished watching The Big Bang Theory. I may have felt in the past as though I have learned a thing or two, but do I find smarter? Never. Steven Johnson argues that some television shows are so wage they make you think and make you smarter. For example he says that you have to focus to follow the plot, and in focusing your exercising the parts of your brain that map fond networks, that fill in missing information, that connect narrative threads (292). But does watching shows that dont make you think, like Keeping up with the Sardinian, make one dumber? Months ago, I watched the whole season of Orange Is the New Black on Nettling in the span of 2 days, After watching this show I did not feel smarter or dumber, I did not feel like I could survive in prison, I did not feel like I could be a lawyer. I did feel a little lazy, and kind of like I Just wasted a whole weekend. Watching some shows can make a Joke out of something and at the same time make a point about our society.Antonio Peacock in her essay Family Guy and Freud Jokes and their intercourse to the Unconscious gives an example how Americans are willing to follow the instructions of a celebrity blindly- and less willing to admit that they are doing so (Peacock, 304). Television does the same thing, television might help keep the viewer interested on what is going on with what you are watching, but it is not teaching the viewer anything else about what is going on round you, it is Just stuck on whatever it is for the next 30 minutes.However, Television does have its benefits, it allows viewers to open up to things they may not have been open to before. It can help them see life is different in places like San Diego than in Israel or Egypt. There are benefits to watching a cooking a show and information a new recipe. And I understand how watching the new thriller can get you to think and try to ferment a problem you would normally not do. However, the way you will get smarter or learn the new recipe is by actually doing those things yourself. I ill learn that new pose on yoga by actually trying it myself physically on the floor.Watching television and thinking we are educating ourselves and thinking we are learning something productive is kind of taking the easy way out. It is an easy way for ourselves to Justify sitting in front of the television so we dont have to go outside, or pick up a newspaper, or a book, or having a conversation with someone else. Standing up and running is always going to be better than watching the marathon on television. I love television, I spend a lot of time with it, but let us not make something of it which is not true. It is not a teacher, or a mentor, it is a form of entertainment and a way to lose your time.

Managers motivate workers

Frederick Hertzberg came up with a two factor theory of motivation also referred to as the Hygiene theory. According to Hertzberg, in that respect argon factors in the subject field place that elbow grease art satisfaction and these he c every last(predicate)ed them motivators. On the other hand, there are factors whose absence causes job dissatisfaction. The factors that cause satisfaction are a complete contrast to those that cause dissatisfaction. For instance whereas recognition causes satisfaction, supervision leads to dissatisfaction.According to Hertzberg, managers motivate their proletarians in the following ways- recognition, growth, achievement job interest, responsibility and advancement. These factors would make workers feel motivated in the work place. On the other hand factors much(prenominal) as salary, security, company policy, work conditions and supervision fall under hygiene factors. Their presence or leave out of it does not necessarily motivate the employ ees rather causes dissatisfaction. (Michael, 2000)Responsibility When workers feel responsible for their work, they feel motivated. They need to be in touch to their work. The best way managers can motivate their workers therefore is by giving them much authority and autonomy over their jobs. Employees with good performance should also be given more responsibilities as a way of improving their motivation levels.Work itself Employees feel motivated when they feel that the work they do is significant and relevant. Managers should try to make use of what the employees have done so that they can be adapted to see that whatever they are doing is meaningful.Growth People desire to work more when the work is challenge as well as interesting. Managers therefore ought to make the jobs interesting and also challenging. The expected outcome of this is that the disturbance rate of employees shall reduce. Failure to do this will cause demotivation on the part of the employees. (Harris, De simone, 1994)Advancement Workers can be motivated through trainings and development. They feel motivated when something is done that improves their careers.Managers can also use Hertzbergs two factor theory in the following ways to motivate their workersMake workers specialize in doing unique(predicate) tasks. This would make them become experts in their respective fields. Make workers to be more accountable in all that they do Come up with new and more challenging tasksAllow workers to perform whole work units to do as opposed to piecemeal work. With this, they feel motivated when the outcome of the work is associated with them.(Alkhafaji,2003) I do not agree with the fact that the hygienes are only associated with job dissatisfaction and not motivation. Look at wages/salary. Does it mean that one would not be motivated if his/her salary is increased? My answer tends to be a yes. It can be both a hygiene and motivational factor. The distinction of a factor beingness either a hy giene or motivator is not true.My second reservation is that when a worker is given someones responsibility that would motivate such a worker. In my opinion, this would bring near animosity amongst the employees.The role of a managera) Manager as planner Managers play the role of provision the firms activities. They determine what is to be done, who is to do what how and when this is to be done.b) Control Managers are the ones who control the activities of the validation so that they are performed as planned with the aim of correcting any deviations from the norm.c) Facilitator/ Coordinator Managers integrate the work of employees so that severally worker performs his duties and that nothing is duplicated.REFERENCES1. David M Harris, Randy L Desimone Human Resource Development, Dryden press publishers,19942. Abbas F Alkhafaji, strategic Management Formulation implementation and Control in a Dynamic purlieu, Haworth press, 20033. Michael L, Understanding Business Environment Routledge, 2000

Defining And Analysing Green Chemistry Environmental Sciences Essay

Our environment, which is endowed by nature, needs to be protected from of each(prenominal) time change magnitude chemic pollution associated with modern-day feel styles and emerging engine rooms. India, 2nd largest manufacturer of pesticides and ranked 12th in pharmaceutical deed, is fast rising as top 5 participant in selected petro chemic substance substance substances. The ch exclusivelyenge for the establishment and industries is to come together and prose swinginge increase in the correction of reverse firingningish chemical substance substance substance cognition by grapple imbibe or defunctness the usance and coevals of questioning substances. We get down organized a national and an international symposium for advancing light- verdancy chemical cognition in India, which has provided the platform for interaction of constructs among the taking scientist. Furthermore a refresher class of lead hebdomads for college instructors on eco- tender chemical scho larship has anyways been organized earlier to advance consciousness and facilitate breeding preparation and the pattern of discolor chemical acquaintance in academic establishments. The chief thought understructure is to trip work towards viridity chemical acquaintance for which engagement of academic, industrial, governmental and non-governmental organic structures is necessary jointly which result assist the excogitateing and increment of environment friendly chemical lore patterns in India.ent enterprises. entranceway common chemical light Green chemical erudition may be defined as the innovation, design, and application of chemical merchandise and part to cut down the eliminate the routine and coevals of risky substances.Therefore, unripened chemical science is a tool non tacit for minimising the negative impact of those processs aimed at optimising expertness, although intelligibly both impact minimisation and procedure optimisation ar legitimate and com plementary aims of the topic.Green chemical science, nevertheless(prenominal), besides recognizes that on that point atomic number 18 important effects to the function of risky substances, conducting from regulative, managing and conveyance, and liability issues, to c on the whole a few. To restrict the definition to cover with excess hardly, would be to turn to lone portion of the business link up.Green chemical science is applicable to all facets of the merchandise flavour rhythm as tumefy.AFinally, the definition of dark-green chemical science includes the term risky . It is of import to observe that green chemical science is a demeanor of covering with luck decrease and pollution fend off by turn toing the intrinsic jeopardies of the substances instead than those fortunes and conditions of their workout that might increase their hazard.Green chemical science is non complicated although it is frequently elegant. Green chemical science applies to any type of chemic al science much(prenominal)(prenominal) as organic chemical science, inorganic chemical science, bio chemical science, uninflected chemical science and correct physical chemical science. Green chemical science is chiefly for industrial country. The chief end of green chemical science is to minimising the jeopardy and tap the efficiency of any chemical break apart.Green chemical science fag end be applies on organic chemical science, physical chemical science, inorganic chemical science, analytical chemical science and biochemistry. Chiefly green chemical science foc substance abuses on industrial applications. The chief end of green chemical science is to minimising the jeopardy and maximising the efficiency of any chemical pick.Principles of green chemical science There atomic number 18 12 rules of green chemical science.It is better to forestall waste than to handle or clean up waste by and by(prenominal) it is formed.Man- do methods should be designed to maximise the i ncorporation of all forgets used in the procedure into the reason out merchandise.Wherever operable, man- do methodological analytic thinkings should be designed to utilize and bewilder forth substances that possess minor or no toxicity to man wellness and the environment.Chemical merchandises should be designed to continue efficacy of map while cut downing toxicity.The drill of subsidiary substances ( dissolvers, separation agents, etc. ) should be do unneeded whenever possible and innocuous when used.Energy demands should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. man-made methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and force per unit knowledge base.A natural stuff or feedstock should be renewable instead than con summing uping whenever technically and economically operable.Unnecessary denationalization ( barricading group, protection/ deprotection, impermanent registration of physical/chemical procedures ) should be avoi ded whenever possible.Catalytic reagents ( every bit selective as possible ) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.Chemical merchandises should be designed so that at the terminal of their map they do non prevail in the environment and make interrupt down into innocuous debasement merchandises.Analytic methodological compendiums need to be farther developed to let for real(a) clip, in-process monitoring and control before the administration of risky substances.Substances and the signifier of a substance used in a chemical procedure should be chosen to minimise the potency for chemical accidents, including releases, detonations, and fires.The term Green Chemistry, coined by staff at the US EPA in the 1990s, helped to convey focal point to an increasing involvement in developing more environmentally friendly chemical procedures and merchandises.An rating of how green a chemical reception or a chemical procedure is seems to be best done in footings of the 12 rules that form been advocated by Anastas and Warner. These dogmas deal with primeval issues such as pollution bar, fragment economization and toxicity decrease. The kernel of the 12 rules may be summarized as followsWaste bar changenatively of waste clean-up, element economic system as an of import concern, design of environmentally friendly man-made methodological summarys, design of safer chemicals, redundancy of subsidiary substances, delivery of energy, usage of renewable feedstock, decrease of unneeded derivatization, catalytic reactions alternatively of stoichiometric 1s, adulteration of concluding merchandises after the terminal of their map, real-time analysis for pollution bar and schemes for chemical accident bar.Sustainable developing-Sustainability in scientific crystallize and engineering Begins when we start believing how to work out a job or how to turn scientific discipline into engineering. Chemistry, as the scientific discipline of affair and its transmutation, plays a cardi nal function in this procedure and is the sail amid natural philosophies, stuff scientific disciplines and life scientific disciplines. Merely chemical procedures, which have reached after careful optimisation a maximal in efficiency, will take to more sustainable merchandises and production. Scientists and apply scientists, who invent, develop and optimise such procedures, hence play a cardinal function. Their consciousness, creativeness and looking in front is needed to convey reactions and chemical procedures to maximal efficiency. The term Green Chemistry has been coined for attempts towards this end.Atom economic system Atom economic system means maximising incorporation of stuff from the get downing stuffs or reagents into the concluding merchandises. It is staple fiberally pollution bar at molecular degree.For illustration, a chemist practising atom economic system would take to synthesis a needful merchandise by seting together prefatory edifice blocks, instead than by interrupting down a much larger get downing stuff and flinging intimately of it waste.Atom economic system is an of import developing beyond the tralatitiously taught construct of portion output. Barry Trost, from Stanford University, published the construct of atom economic system in scientific discipline in 1991. In 1998 received the president green chemical science challenged award for his work.Atom economic system answers the basic inquiry, how much of what you put into your pot terminal up in your merchandise .Calculation of Atom economyChemical reactions in green chemistry-There are cardinal types of reactions-Atom economic reactions.Atom un-economic reactions.In atom economic reactions there are another two type reactionsRearrangement reactions.Addition reactions.In atom un-economic reaction there are three type of reactionsSubstitution reaction.Elimination reaction.Witting reaction.Reducing toxicity- wholeness of the underpinning rule of green chemical science is to plan chemical merchandise and procedure that usage and bring forth less risky stuffs. Here risky screen all facets, including toxicity, flammability, detonation potency, and environmental continuity.A jeopardy plenty be defined as dry land of affairs that may take to harm, whilst hazard is the chance that injury will happen. From the point of position injury being caused by exposure to the chemical. embark =Green analytical chemistry-The relationship between green chemical science and analytical chemical science thunder mug be treated in two ways. Analytic chemical science is a undetermined to command and warrant green chemical science. This is where analytical chemical science is an competent tool for verification of the green outgrowth of a chemical merchandise or engineering. On the other manus, chemical analysis methods need dissolvers, reagents, and energy, and they generate waste. The rules of green chemical science, suggested by Anastas and Warner, are straight rel ated to analytical chemical science every bit substantially, the near of import of them beingbar of waste coevals safer dissolvers and underworld design for energy efficiency andSafer chemical science to minimise the potency of chemical accidents.In this fashion, analytical chemical science becomes an object of application of the rules of greenChemistry, and can be the mark of a green chemical science attack likewise to other countries of chemical science and chemical engineering. The term green analytical chemical science has been proposed by J. NamiesA?nik in that several(prenominal) facets of doing analytical chemical science greener were discussed.The development of instrumental methods to replace wet chemical science in sample readying andintervention is a general tendency in analytical chemical science. Here, the chief analytical consequence is related to an concomitant of analysis dependability, higher preciseness, and clip economy, which in reality positively combin es with a significant decrease of waste. In roughly instances, the consequence of instrumental methods in analysis is a lessening in sample volume needed for analysis. Particular attempts to incorporate micro fluidics and processing in micro graduated table can well diminish the sample sum and attach toing coevals of waste.In some instances, there is a pick of direct techniques of analysis ( different laser-spectroscopic methods ) or solvent less procedures of analysis, which are green procedures. However, in most instances, the samples under survey are really complicated mixtures with interfering matrices non leting the usage of waste less method.The hunt down for alternate dissolvers is an of import measure on the manner of utilizing greener methods. InThis procedure, the chief mark should be non merely the replacing, but debut of an extra advantage from different belongingss of these dissolvers to better the selectivity, sensitiveness, and dependability of analysis, every bit good as cut down analysis clip.The development of instrumental methods in general leads to an efficient usage of energy, particularly when the method is extremely automated and uses a minimum sum of sample. The word division of several methods for sample intervention and separation of constituents or integrating of separation and complicated methods of sensing enables an efficient usage of energy. Additional energy economy is possible when a microwave intervention or even merely micro-cook warming is incorporated into the procedure. An supersonic irradiation may besides hold a hearty consequence on several sample interventions. The development of photochemical methods is a extremely green manner in analytical chemical science every bit good.Most of the above-named processs besides endpoint in safer chemical science. In legion(predicate) instances of sample readying and intervention, different chemical methods for derivatization and chemical modification of samples are still used . The hunt for less toxic compounds and procedures with decreased waste coevals should be an manipulation in the development of new methods.What can green chemical science make?Green chemical science is non a peculiar set of engineerings, but instead an accent on the designA of chemical merchandises and processes.A both(prenominal)times, green chemical science takes topographic point at the molecular degree to cut down or extinguish the usage and coevals of risky substances. This attack offers environmentally good options to more risky chemicals and procedures, and and so invokes pollution bar.Green chemical science can take to dramatic alterations in how we interact with chemicals on a day-to-day footing as in the instance of theA 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis. The word metathesis means change-places .In metathesis reactions, soprano bonds are broken and made between C atoms in ways that cause atom groups to a lter topographic points. This happens with the aid of particular accelerator molecules. Metathesis can be compared to a dance in which the twosomes change spouses. Metathesis is used occasional in the chemical industry, chiefly in the development of pharmaceuticals and of mature plastic stuffs. Thankss to the Laureates parts, synthesis methods have been developed that aremore efficient ( fewer reaction stairss, fewer resources required, less wastage ) ,simpler to utilize ( stable in air, at normal temperatures and force per unit areas ) , andEnvironmentally friendlier ( non-injurious dissolvers, less risky waste merchandises ) .This represents a great measure frontward for green chemical science , cut downing potentially risky waste by smarter production. Metathesis is an illustration of how of import basic scientific discipline has been use for the benefit of adult male, society and the environment. The chief inquiry is thatWhy Green Chemistry?Green chemical science is effectu al in cut downing the impact of chemicals on human wellness and the environment. In addition, many companies have found that it can be cheaper and even profitable to run into environmental ends. Net incomes derive from higher efficiency, less waste, better merchandise quality, and decreased liability.Many environmental Torahs and ordinances target risky chemicals, and following all these demands can be complicated. But green chemical science allows companies to follow with the jurisprudence in much simpler and cheaper ways. Finally, green chemical science is a cardinal science-based attack. Addressing the job of jeopardy at the molecular degree, it can be applied to all sorts of environmental issues.Since 1991, there have been many progresss in green chemical science, in both academic research and industrial execution. For illustration, Spinosad, an plant louse powder manufactured by fermenting a of course happening dirt being, was registered by the EPA as a reduced-risk insect po wder in 1997. Spinosad does non leach, bioaccumulation, volatilise, or persist in the environment and in field trials left 70 to 90 per centum of good insects unharmed. It has a comparatively low toxicity to mammals and birds and is somewhat to jolly toxic to aquatic beings, but is toxic to bees until it dries. In another progress, an industrial cleansing dissolver, ethyl lactate, made from cornflour and soybean oil was patented in 2000 and is competitively priced with petrochemical dissolvers. It biodegrades to carbon dioxide and H2O and has no know harmful effects for the environment, worlds, or wildlife. These progresss, nevertheless, represent an highly elflike fraction of the possible applications of green chemical science. Because the merchandises and processes that form the footing of the economic system and substructure are based on the design and use of chemicals and stuffs, the challenges confronting this field are tremendous.What is the function of chemist in green chemi cal science?Chemist can utilize his cognition of green chemical science and its benefits to warrant research into cleaner and greener procedure. In most instances it is readily incontrovertible that green chemical science attack affecting decrease of waste, stuff and energy, will besides take to be decreases and that this in bend will hold a positive consequence on profitableness. In academia enterprises such as the technology and physical scientific disciplines research council ( EPSRC ) great Technology Programme and the authorities s sustainable engineering enterprise have already encourage professionals to come in this country.Although many of the engineerings or tools required to do chemical fabrication more sustainable are available, and so industry already doing important advancement, much more can be achieved. In order to travel frontward chemist demand to understand, and get the better of the barrier s, both existent and perceived, that exist to innovation in this countr y. In some instances a civilization alteration may be required before the possible fiscal benefits are to the full appreciated. Professional chemist besides have a major function in assisting to promote all interested parties, including industry, clients, force per unit area groups, authorities, educationist and research workers, to co-operate to guarantee a cleaner and more sustainable hereafter.Graph of published articles in journals-Examples of green chemistry-Lead- large-minded solders and other products- Breakthroughs in the replacing of lead include usage of new soldering stuffs, options to take additives in pigment and the development of cleaner batteries.Bioplastics Plastics made from workss, including maize, murphies or other agricultural merchandises, even agricultural waste, are an of import illustration of green chemical science. Merchandises already available are forks, knives and spoons made from potato amylum and biodegradable packaging made from maize. Fire immune m aterials-Plastics that do non necessitate the usage of fire retardents are a solution to the job of toxic fire retardents. A combination of polylactic savage and kenaf-two agriculturally products-has already been developed for this intent.Halogen-free fire retardants- For merchandises that still require the usage of fire retardents, green chemical science can assist place new, less toxic options. For illustration, silicone based stuffs can be used.Biopesticides besides the good illustration of green chemistry-Biopesticides offer powerful tools to make a new coevals of sustainable agribusiness merchandises. They are the most likely beginning for options to some of the most debatable chemical pesticides concisely in usage. Biopesticides besides offer solutions to concerns such as pest opposition to traditional chemical pesticides, unrestricted concern about side effects of pesticides on the environing environment and finally, on human wellness.Examples of Investigatory Projects in Green Chemistry-Effectss of Detergent Phosphates on Plant GrowthBecause phosphates from family detergents seep into groundwater, a fake consequence can be investigated utilizing a immature pea works and a solution of 90-percent H2O to 10-percentA laundry detergentA solution. Use two containers of pool H2O to imitate phosphate s catalytic consequence on algae suppuration by adding detersive solution to one container intermittently and utilizing an unchanged container as a control. Record all observations qualitatively and quantitatively.Consequence of Pollution on BiodiversityUse several terrariums made from local beings, dirts and H2O to look into how pollution affects the sum of biodiversity in an ecosystem. Pollute terrariums by spraying diluted sulfuric acid into a terrarium to stand for savage rain. Pollute another terrarium by carefully firing a birthday candle indoors daily to stand for smog. Leave one terrarium unpolluted to utilize as a control group. Record all observatio ns qualitatively and quantitatively.Storm Water Geologically FilteredAfter a difficult rain, H2O hastes into local waterways transporting many pollutants. contaminated H2O can be created by blending H2O with little objects and dark colored territorial dominion to stand for different types of pollution. Invent a system of filtration utilizing different sized grains of dirt to make state of affairss of altered porousnesss and permeableness. Record all effects on pollution filtration qualitatively and quantitatively.Future products-PVC free cablesA -will cut down the usage of both PVC and of lead, which is used as a stabilizer in PVC cabling. The Toxic Use Reduction Institute has been working on this new solder.New lead-free soldersA with lower heat demands are being developed.Our new merchandise development will concentrate ona? Polymeric solutions, large moleculesa? Reactive merchandises that become edge to the concluding polymera? Non-toxic little moleculesa? Mineral merchandises a? Minimizing the life rhythm of merchandises that remain in the environmentAa? Improving recyclabilitya? Implementing steps throughout the supply concatenation to minimise emanations of relentless compoundsa? Engaging distributers, clients and rivals in plans, such as VECAP, to extinguish all harmful merchandises from the environmenta? Continuing to rede consumers of the of import of sustainable merchandises.Some basic ways in which we go about green merchandise development Choice of reagents with net toxicityChoice of accelerators that would supply highest reaction output, therefore minimising wasteChoosing the right signifier of energy to maximise reaction efficiencyPrecise computations to foretell with merely two to three experiments how the reaction can be optimized, every bit good as the two or three preferred dissolvers for that reaction agnomen of possible jeopardies before carry oning the reaction. Specific parametric quantities such as heat of the reaction are studied.Val uess of Green Chemistry in Innovation, Application and Technology Indian Scenario-Green chemical science focuses on the decrease, recycling, and/or riddance of the usage of toxic and risky chemicals in production procedures by happening originative, alternate paths for doing the coveted merchandises that minimize the impact on the environment. Green chemical science is a more eco-friendly green option to conventional chemical science patterns. The green chemical science motion is portion of a larger motion finally taking to a green economy- viz. sustainable development, sustainable concern and sustainable life patterns. Green chemical science can lend to accomplishing sustainability in three cardinal countries. First, renewable energy engineerings will be the cardinal pillar of a sustainable high-technology civilisation. Second, the reagents used by the chemical industry. Third, fouling engineerings must be replaced by benign options. The purpose of the article is to introduce the a cademicians, research workers, scientists and applied scientists with values and positive impact of green Chemistry in invention, application and Technology.The green chemical science moving ridge has reached our state excessively. We need to work for its improvement by promoting the patterns of green chemical science. Collaborations between industrial and academic spouses are of import to hasten the transportation of important green merchandises to the market place. For such coactions to be successful, persons in these two otherwise motivated civilizations need to work together to progress green scientific discipline. Governments could doubtless ease formation of more effectual industrial/academic partnerships. Under an spirit with the Green Chemical Institute, University of Delhi has been accepted as an international chapter. The Indian chapter will advance green chemical science through instruction, information aggregation and airing, research and international coaction via conf erences, workshops, meeting and symposia.AIn India, although there is turning awareness about the sick effects of pollution, publicity of continual debut of environmentally friendly merchandises a methodological analysiss in the chemical industry needs to be furthered. Use of nonconventional engineerings is extremely pop in India. First in this list is the use of microwaves. Further, the microwave chemists are turning their attending toward microwave-assisted dry-media reactions in order to minimise solvent use, an added advantage to already established microwave chemical science. In add-on to microwave-assisted reactions, supersonic and photochemical reactions are besides used as nonconventional reaction engineering. Analytic chemical science has been at the centre of the green chemical science motion. Progresss in analytical chemical science are cardinal to environmental protection. In India, the focal point for analytical chemical science is chiefly on extraction engineerings su ch as solid stage, ultrasound and microwave, critical fluid extraction, and automated soxhlet extraction. Monitoring and analysis of heavy metals and pesticides is really of import for an agro economy-based state like India and main governmental institutes like the Indian farming(a) Research Institute ( IARI ) and the Defense Research and Development Organization ( DRDO ) are working extensively in this field. Further removing of these elements from industrial and agrochemical use is of premier importance for these.Some recent developments and illustrations in green chemistry-Chemists from all over the universe are utilizing their originative and advanced accomplishments to develop new procedures, man-made methods, analytical tools, reaction conditions, accelerators, etc. under the new green chemical science screen. Some of these are.A uninterrupted procedure and setup converts waste bio mountain into industrial chemicals, fuels and carnal provender. Another procedure converts was te biomass such as municipal solid waste, sewerage sludge, plastic, tyres and agricultural residues to utile merchandises, including H, ethyl alcohol and acetic acid.A method for mass bring forthing taxol by semi uninterrupted civilization of Taxus genus works.A agitation method for the production of carboxylic acids.A method of partly oxidising intoxicant such as methyl alcohol to quintessences, aldehydes, esters or acids, by utilizing a supercritical fluid Mobile.A procedure for bring forthing a fluoropolymer by utilizing supercritical C dioxide.A cost-efficient method of bring forthing ethyl lactate, a non-toxic dissolver derived from maize.A background of organic dissolvers that are worker friendly and environmentally sound.A new environmentally friendly engineering in assorted metals recovery from exhausted acid wastes has been used to retrieve Zn and ferric chloride from stack spirits.The demand for non-ionic wetting agents is turning and a new illustration of this is alkyl glycoside, which is made from carbohydrate. This merchandise can be used as a replacing for alkyl aryl sulphonate anionic wetting agents in shampoos. sodium silicate can be used as a more environmentally benign replacing for phosphorus-containing additives in rinsing pulverization. Three coconut oil soap bases for liquid cleaning applications have been developed. One of these merchandises has really light colour and low olfactory property, doing it suited for presenting dyes and aromas.Feedstock recyclingA of plastic wastes into valuable chemicals utile as fuels or natural stuffs.Developing States and Green Chemistry-In developing states, the debut of green chemical science is still in a phase of babyhood, despite the important demand and the important function green chemical science can play. Many of the patterns in developing states are still far from the constructs of safety, pollution bar and design of energy efficiency. Environmental pollution and waste coevals are some of the hurting jobs many developing states are enduring from. Many of the grounds behind these jobs lie in policies and schemes adopted that are based on end-of pipe intervention, instead than pollution bar at beginning or implementing life rhythm believing in managing waste jobs. Most often, income coevals activities are dependent on an efficient usage of energy and other resources such as H2O, which may present some serious jobs to prox coevalss.The United Nations coverage on the millenary development ends at a state degree indicated a high degree of energy ingestion and limited energy resources in most of the developing states. The instruction strongly recommends the imperative demand to ration the usage of energy resources in these states and to implement energy preservation policies. The same tendency of troubles developing states face has been illustrated in the series of state studies produced by the rural development at the H2O and environment section of the World Bank.Sustainab le chemical science could play a polar function in salving many of the ailing conditions that many of the development states are subjected to. The usage of solar energy, debut of sustainable agriculture, recycling, and the execution of life rhythm thought and life rhythm analysis as a direction tool for some of the chronic issues such as municipal waste direction, are some few illustrations of how green chemical science can profit developing communities.Green chemical science can besides hold a really strong impact on H2O sufficiency issues in that portion of the development universe where H2O resources is the most critical issue. It is through the execution of cleaner production and usage of safe and biodegradable chemicals that a immense volume of outflowing could be reused to slake the emerging, critical demand of H2O in many of these states.Government Initiatives-Government can make a batch of good for the cause of green chemical science by increasing public consciousness and b y conveying and implementing rigorous environmental statute laws. One of the recent and controversial illustrations of authorities enterprise is the transition of Diesel vehicles to tight natural gas ( CNG ) in order to cut down pollution. Relocation of industries into industrial countries off from residential Parks is another bold measure interpreted by the Delhi authorities. Further, the authorities is besides concentrating on new undertakings such as fuel pellets from municipal waste, aspirated H-cylinder engines for light commercial vehicles ( LCVs ) , run intoing India 2000 emanation norms, battery-powered autos for pollution-free drive, H energy and energy towers for new environment-friendly fuel, development of traditional herbal drugs as adapt gens a immunomodulators. The authorities should besides increase support to promote research in green chemical science. By presenting green chemical science instruction at all degrees, the authorities can construct a solid foundation t oward green chemical science in India.

Nursing Practice Essay

1.Describe, in detail, specific to their age, health conditions, or other factors, what imaginativenesss the members need to assemble prior to a disaster where evacuation or sheltering in place is required.Every community does have its problems and every community is made up of both the young and the old. The ages of this community ranges from 0 to 70 plus. This community needs major interventions to attend to improve the health side of the members of the community. Spoke to active 5 members in the community, four middle adults and one old. All the four adults did non have any source of health insurance. The older one has Medicare. When a disaster strikes, residents could be asked to cohere a disaster kit. The kit should be able to contain water, food, extra clothing, first aid kit, extremity items (flashlights, extra batteries, toilet papers etc). Parent with babies should have pack formula, diapers, bottles baby wipes and diaper rash ointment.2.Describe, in detail, specific to their age, health conditions, or other factors, what resources that the members may need during an evacuation or sheltering in place. just about of the young and old may have minor mental problems as a result of the tragedy they go through (depression, etc.). Member may need to have any form of ID on them, which result be for their own good. The Texas 2-1-1(Texas Health and Human Service Commission), gives information and referral on shelter locations, transportation options, and leap out medical facilities. The Southern Baptist disaster relief also does leave alone services like American cherry Cross, but also do assist with clean-up activities like debris removal.3.Describe, in detail, specific to their age, health conditions, or other factors, what resources the members may need immediately after an evacuation or sheltering in place, if adequate local support is unavailable. It is advisable for members to have any form of ID on them that will be for their own good. FEM A provide federal official funding and supplements state disaster relief. One other resource is the American Red Cross, arrest assistance of Red Cross offers feedingstations, shelters, cleaning supplies, household items, clothing, comfort kits, first aid, blood, credit cards etc.4.Identify their resource deficits? List their cognition deficits? FEMA and the American Red Cross agreed that FEMA should be the elemental agency for mass care in the NRF because the primary agency should be able to direct federal agencies resources to meet mass care needs, which the Red Cross cannot (Fagnoni, 2008). Now, the deficit cut beingness requested by most politicians in Washington is going to make it difficult for resources to be given out adequately to victims of a disaster. One of the deficits of knowledge is how to allocate given resources. Most aggregates finds it difficult or have no idea where or how to get help in time of disasters. Although every American know about Red Cross, but most aggregate do not know where to start to get the held needed.5.What resource or knowledge gaps can be addressed by the community health nurse to sustain their flexible lines of defense (NSM) of the community aggregate? The community health nurse can address the gaps by first offering medical help, and by helping the community to get access to basic resources needed. Secondly, by providing the community with adequate information and ways in which to help the aggregates get the help they need. This will help give aggregates some kind of comfort and help reduce stress and pain.6.What is the top priority knowledge deficit concern? The top knowledge deficit concern will be how aggregates will be coping. Lack of knowledge always comes with lot of stress. Without much needed information and resource, aggregates will find themselves being very anxious and will not be coping well. Basic life necessities might be difficult for aggregates to get hold off, and that puts a lot of stress on indi vidual.

Health Care Communication Methods Essay

conversation Coordinators manage their companys communication strategies. This includes internal (coworkers) and external ( general) communication methods. They be in summon of releasing in mastermindation and responding to any inquiries regarding the study. Communication Coordinators also manage event planning, communication budgets, and complaisant media outlets. For this paper, I will assume the role of communication theory Coordinator for a national drug manuf portrayalurer named Pharmaco. One of our medications at Pharmaco has recently been reported to ca part signifi stooget negative effects among those impose. The medicine known as Olaz is prescribed to a large number of large number. To make matters worse, thither obtain been reports that a well-known national sign is counted amongst the effected. Negative feedback from this figure could lower the public opinion of Pharmaco and damage the companys credibility. As Communications Coordinator, I am tasked with the re sponsibility of addressing news reports and the general public regarding the situation.Communication comes in a diverseness of forms including traditional, electronic, and complaisant media. These forms all have their advantages and disadvantages. Each form must also split to rules and regulations such as the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Traditional media encompasses a wide range of communication mediums. This includes newspapers, magazines, outdoor(prenominal) billboards, direct mail, radio, and television. Most of the population will at least encounter one of these mediums during their day. Traditional media is beneficial because all of the mediums argon one room forms of communication. This would break Pharmaco the ability to send a message to the public, without having to serve any questions immediately. While public interaction is inevitable, traditional media would allow season in-between delivery and feedback. This would give Pharmac o time to collect and prepare for public interaction. With traditional media it would also be fairly easy to adhere to HIPAA regulations because all the information delivered is scripted.Pharmacowould have plenty of time to review the information and check for errors. This reduces the possibility of grown undercover information to the public. The disadvantage of traditional media is closely related to its advantages. Time in-between delivery and feedback can be costly. During this time the public could use other forms of media to discuss Pharmaco. Without the ability to defend itself, negative public opinion could increase. This in turn brings us to our next media type. Electronic media is a more than advanced form of communication compared to traditional. It is also more interactive than traditional media. The most common form of electronic or digital media, is the internet. The internet is often utilized similarly to traditional media. Electronic media is advantageous because o f the ever ontogeny popularity and usage of the internet. People are now accessing the internet in the home through a fast-growing(prenominal) range of games consoles and Wi-Fi enabled tablets, smartphones and laptops, great(p) rise to a trend of multi-screening (Internet Usage on Rise, 2014).Broadcasting information with electronic media would extend Pharmacos audience. More people could be reached. Plus, it would be easy to keep information updated. Of course, it should be remembered that this type of media allows the public to be more interactive. Pharmaco must be aware of those who use computers to collect private material hackers. We can create our own website that will allow us to interact with the public, however there is a potential for hackers who would aim at stealing our private information. They could even manipulate our site into giving out incorrect information. Furthermore, providers are subject to far more rigorous guidelines when tolerant history information is in electronic form (HIPAA Compliance, 2003). If we choose to use electronic media, it will be imperative to value private information. This way we can abide by HIPAA regulations. If Pharmacos website is compromised, then there is the possibility that patient information could be as well. Pharmaco should also consider social media. Social media is interaction between the public that takes place in virtual communities or networks.Two of the largest used social media websites on the internet are Facebook and Twitter. Both of the mediums allow users to stay in invariant connection with one another. With social media Pharmaco would not have to worry about digital storage of its information. Everything we would want to express would be stored on someone elses network. Social media would also allow us to stayin constant contact with those that follow or subscribe to us. This is advantageous because it would give us the ability to instantly address public concerns. Coincidentally, the dis advantage of social media is the need for constant reviewing and updating. Furthermore, as with all forms of media, HIPAA regulations must be kept in mind. If we choose to use social media, HIPAA compliance must be addressed so that our company does not commit a violation. long-sufferings should understand that personal health information should never be posted. Considering all the information that has been reviewed, I provoke that Pharmaco utilize traditional and social media. First and foremost, the public needs to be addressed.A statement should be given to the press. The statement should let the public know that we are aware of the reports. It should also contain a sincere apology to all those who affected by our medication. The message should also inform the public that we are doing all we can to correct the situation. We should also have a forum where the public can go to ask questions. This is where I suggest social media. I believe Twitter would be the best way to go abou t this. Twitter would allow us to be brief and stay in constant connection with the public. Its important for the public to feel as if we are always available. I also think it is best not to have a means of personal electronic media (website). All the information that could be related on our website can be just as easily relayed on social media. Furthermore, I find it beneficial to not broadcast a public address (I.P. address).This would lonesome(prenominal) act as a gateway for a system that would ultimately be connected to our patient health records. With social media key staff should be selected to serve as the programs page administrators these people will be the gatekeepers for access to the programs page (Walters-Salas, E., 2012). I also suggest that updates only be done twice or three times a day. This will allow us to control the conversation, rather than being continuously dominated by the public. Plus, it will allow page administrators the time to perform their normal tas ks. In regards to the well-known public figure, we should not mention them in any of our communications. Patient information is private for everyone. We also dont want to appear bias or more concerned with a single persons condition. Our messages should constantly address those affected as a collective whole.I believe that this strategy is the best way to address this issue. I have place the advantages and disadvantages of traditional, electronic, and social media. Private information and HIPAA regulations have also been addressed. My reasons for selecting my strategy has also been stated. This is a delicate scenario and its important that Pharmaco address it appropriately.ReferencesBendix, J., M.A. (2013). New HIPAA rules. Medical Economics, 90(9), 14-16,18-20. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1370703200?accountid=458 Brown, J. (2013). How to master electronic communication with patients. Medical Economics, 90(7), 60-2, 64-7. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.co m/docview/1367086304?accountid=458 Du Pre, A. (2004). Communicating to the highest degree Health (2nd ed.). Boston, MA McGraw Hill HIPAA compliance. (2003). Corrections Forum, 12(1), 15-16. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/214412170?accountid=458 Internet usage on rise. (2014, Jun 25). The Advocate Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1539432736?accountid=458 Walters-Salas, E. (2012). Social media and HIPAA compliance. Bariatric treat and Surgical Patient Care, 7(2), 85-86. doihttp//dx.doi.org/10.1089/bar.2012.9984 Weinstock, B. (2003). HIPAA and computer security. PT, 11(7), 30-33. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/216821722?accountid=458 Wendling, C. (2013). The use of social media in risk and crisis communication. (). Paris makeup for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1468437071?accountid=458

Supermax Prisons

Supermax Prisons and Their Adverse Effects Introduction Due to increasing crime range and the extensive view that rehabilitative programs for inmates do not work, a new and harsher method for prison houses is being utilized. Instead of scattering the scourge crooks, they ar being consolidated into Supermax prisons. Supermax prisons argon state of the art penitentiaries meant to hold only the wipe up of the worst criminals and inmates that massnot be trusted in regular prisons. There argon strict regulations and policies to control inmates time for communication, recreation, visiting, spectral practices, and education even more than regular prisons.More often than not, inmates in supermax prisons spend 23 hours of every mean solar day locked in a small cell (Hickey pg. 160). Supermax prisons work upon the premise that the most violent and disorderly inmates can be stop controlled by separation, restricted movement, and limited access to staff and opposite inmates (Hickey pg . 167). While supermax prisons argon believed to reduce crime and increase safety, on that point be questions of whether or not this is actually the case. Compargon/ stock CritiqueSupermax prisons ar considered effective because they consolidate the most violent criminals and allow for other prisons to function more safely and more normally for both staff and inmates. However the inmates cannot just be consolidated and held to the same standards as regular prisons, as was revealed at Marion in 1980 when the operation began to show clear signs of the underlying stresses of using this quasi-normal outline to deal with such aggressive offenders (Hickey pg. 164). In response, a new and more sophisticated facility was created to put up to the high-security involve of a prison with extremely dangerous inmates.These newer facilities were created to control the inmates behavior until they acquaint that they can be moved back to a conventional open-population penitentiary (Hickey pg. 165). While incarcerated at supermax prisons, the inmates are handcuffed around staff, eat and exercise alone, and are kept in their cells for most of the day. As prisoners behave nearly, they are given more and more privileges until they are deemed safe enough to engender to regular prisons. Additionally, at that place is a much higher staff to inmate ratio than at normal prisons.All services that are needful are available and operations are consistent with constitutional requirements related to conditions and labor movement (Hickey pg. 166). After returning to regular penitentiaries from a supermax prison, 80% of former inmates behave well enough that they do not return to the supermax prison. Supermax prisons provide a level of safety and security for both staff and inmates that other prisons cannot provide. On the other hand, there is a dark side and harsh reality to supermax prisons besides the obvious high cost of maintaining the prisons that are funded by tax payers.Wh ile supermax prisons claim to uphold the prisoners constitutional rights, there are many claims that state otherwise ranging from the denial of medical care to illegal censorship of mailprison guards have testified to shackling prisoners to their beds and spraying them with high-pressure fire hoses (Hickey pg. 169). The placement of inmates at certain levels of security and confinement ground upon behavior is arbitrary. The guards determine what is good and bad behavior, and their reasons could be as menial as refusing to make beds or complaining about clogged and overflowing toilets (Hickey pg. 169).Additionally, the amount of control that the inmates are placed under (near 24-hour isolation, inadequate to no physical contact surrounded by visitors and inmates and highly limited and scheduled outdoor recreation time) creates an purlieu that is psychologically debilitating and harmful to personal and social identities. Rehabilitation is set aside and replaced with competition b etween the inmates for privileges, fostering a hostile environment. The amount of frustration, deprivation, and despair that inmates endure do not create micro violent inmates, but something much more dangerous (at the least, more angry).Fighting violence with more violence is not workingsupermax prisons are not bring down crime or safety. Critique of the Debate Supermax prisons are a good idea on paper. However, in practice, supermax prisons do not work. In a contrasting example, there are many soldiers returning from war. They are greeted by family, strangers buy food for them out of gratitude for their service, and there are programs and support groups that patron them return to normal right smarts of behavior. Still, the passage from the life of a soldier in combat back to the civilian world is not easy. However, these issues are recognized and respected in many forms of support.On the other hand, for the increasingly large amount of criminals who are sent to supermax pri sons for breaking the law, the preparation and actual transition from prison life back to regular society is not widely recognized or respected, with little or no support. There are few credible methods or support groups that truly help previous convicts return to normal life, especially in comparison to a soldier returning from war. Additionally, individuals that are accepted members of society greet the returning convicts with trepidation and suspicion because of the belief once a thief, continuously a thief. Consequently, the convicts return to society and normal life is nearly impossible and re tearting criminal acts is expect. While the return of a criminal from prison should not be honored the way a soldier is honored when returning from deployment, a criminal should have similar rehabilitative and re-immersion programs and support groups. With the levels of confinement being dictated by arbitrary rules and expectations set in place by guards, inmates behave well only because they want privileges and rewards rather than to actually improve themselves.Using a reward-punishment system does not develop tone or help prisoners in their eventual assimilation back into society. When inmates are released from prison, they need to return better than they were before prison or else they will just end up in prison again. In order for this to be accomplished, a more holistic view of crime control needs to be set in order and there needs to be more of a focus on community and restoration and less on imprisonment (Hickey pg. 174). The United States has been using prisons for centuries now and imprisonment rates have only increased throughout history.Perhaps the answer to reducing crime is not in the traditional idea of fear of punishment, but the United States seems to be stuck on the idea of using prisons and imprisonment to stupefy crime nevertheless. In a perfect world, criminals will be sent to prison, spend their time there wisely, and return to society a chan ged people. However, in reality, inmates are being released from prison worse off than when they entered the prison. not seeing or interacting with another human being creates a disconnection from humanity.For the inmate, being kept all in all separated and isolated from everyone, there must inevitably be a sense of anger and crust towards the system that should be helping them and at the very least be showing them how to act the right way in society upon their release from prison. Additionally, controlling every aspect of a persons life is not productive or educational. Learning from mistakes is a part of life, but supermax prisons have nothing to laissez passer in terms of learning. Since the inmates have clearly made mistakes (they are in prison after all), they should be educated on how to learn and grow from their mistakes.Instead, they are just put down as failures and expected to continue failing. However, as supermax prisons become more and more popular, rehabilitative pr ograms and the inmates humanity are being set aside for safer conditions and security. The idea that you have to sacrifice either the humanity of the inmate or the safety of the staff would imply that the system is severely flawed. There has to be a better way to punish criminals, but also rehabilitate them. Conclusion The current penal system that the United States has is flawed and supermax prisons are simply not as effective as was expected.The traditional use of prisons and imprisonment as a way to deter crime is not (nor has it ever been) actually successful at reducing crime, but for some reason we keep to the same plan and modify it rather than take a whole new approach. A person who goes to prison should not want or need to commit deviance after leaving prisonthey should leave a changed person. Society should strive to help the person returning from prison similar to the way soldiers are aided upon their return to the United States.Instead, society frame adamant in continu ing to punish and then ignore those who commit crimes which in end creates a never ending cycle of deviance. The system for punishing criminals needs to change, but how society views the punishment of criminals needs to change as well. Instead of focusing on revenge and justice, the focus needs to be on rehabilitation and development. Works Cited Hickey, T. (2012). Taking sides Clashing views in crime and criminology. (10th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.