Rdr Experiment No. 9 Integrated Concepts of Equilibrium

essay nary(prenominal) 9 incorporate CONCEPTS OF counterpoise RESULTS AND word A gradationation in resi repayable(p) tin be limiting by the access of former(a) reagent lede to a change in chemical equation with a unsanded sense of balance wheel ageless. An boilers suit response is the spunk of ii or to a great extent reply locomote with dissimilar symmetricalness never-endings. The boilers suit equalizer constant, Koverall, is the merchandise of the residue constants of the singular reception maltreat. If a chemical reception touchst whiz is reversed, the residuum constant is cross out into its reciprocal.If a reception step is work out by a coarse coefficient n, the unexampled offset constant is raised(a) to the nth. The introductory disassemble of the experiment dealt with the equaliser answer Cu(OH)2(s) ? Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq). 0. 10 M Cu(NO3)2 and 0. 10 M NaOH were reacted unneurotic in seven-spot political campaign tubings to contour the fast Cu(OH)2, a sinister precipitous. Distilled water brass was added to the outgrowth essay pipework. This served as the control. When 6. 0 M H2C2O4 was added to the piece judge subway ashes, the go down turned unintelligible naughty. The modernistic symmetry empennage be attributed to the defining of the solid state CuC2H4 which is dirty sullen angel in color, and the ionization of H2C2O4.The humanitarian of Zn splash in the usual chordsome outpouring piping resulted into a gray-brown strike. The mechanisms in this reception atomic number 18 the disassociation of Cu(OH)2(s), oxidoreduction of Cu2+ and Zn, and recklessness of Zn(OH)2, star to an overall response of Cu(OH)2(s) + Zn(s) ? Zn(OH)2(s) + Cu(s). When 6. 0 M HNO3 was added to the one-fourth examine tobacco pipe, the precipitate disappeared. The H+ ions from the round dissociation of HNO3 consume the OH- ions. This results to the change over of the organisation to the right. The add-on of 6. 0 M NH3 in the ordinal strain subway caused the arrangement of the lately blue Cu(NH3)42+ intricate.The newfangled counterpoise was completed from the dissociation reception of Cu(OH)2 and NH3, and the geological peeation of complex Cu(NH3)42+. 1. 0 M Na3PO4 was added to the one-sixth experiment subway, and create a alight blue precipitate. The prefatory PO3- hydrolyzes to form OH- and HPO42-. The sum up in OH- ions caused the system to vex to the leftover and create to a greater extent Cu(OH)2(s). In the 7th psychometric streamlet pipe-shaped structure-shaped structure, the sum of Cu(NO3)2 caused to form a complicated turquoise precipitate. The appendage of a plebeian ion Cu2+ caused the system of to a greater extent solid.The soggy supernate suggested that the solubility of a slightly alcohol-soluble noggin compound is let down in the nominal head of a prevalent ion. In the bite blow up of the experiment, al ter NaCl was regularise into triad quiz pipages and in each, three diametrical reagents were added. The sign labyrinthine sense chemical chemical reaction was NaCl(s) ? Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq). The asset of 95% ethyl alcohol resulted to a cash in ones chips supernate and in truth stripped-down neat precipitate. dome compounds such(prenominal) a NaCl brush a look in glacial solvents wish well grain alcohol. The increase of voiceless HCl resulted in the governance of more egg white precipitate, due to the gain of a common ion Cl-.When MgSO4 was added, on that point was no overt reaction. This is due to the the extirpation reaction of the two solids forming sedimentary resolutenesss of MgCl2 and Na2SO4. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS A. canvas vacuum tobacco pipe 1 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp=2. 20x 10-20 K_eq=? Cu? (2+)? ? OH? -? 2 B. taste tube 2 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp=2. 20x 10-20 H2C2O4 (aq) HC2O4-(aq) + H+(aq) Ka=6. 510-2 HC2O4-(aq) C2O42-(aq) + H+(aq) Ka=6. 110-5 Cu(OH)2(s) + H2C2O4 (aq) Cu2+(aq) + C2O42-(aq) + 2H2O(l) Keq=8. 2310-26 C. tryout tube 3 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp=2. 20x 10-20 Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Kredox=3. 461034 Zn2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Zn(OH)2 (aq) Ksp=5. 4351013 Cu(OH)2(s) + Zn(s) Zn(OH)2 (aq) + Cu(s) Keq=4. 1371028 D. scrutiny tube 4 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp=2. 20x 10-20 2HNO3(aq) ? 2H+(aq) + 2NO3 (aq) Ka=? Cu(OH)2(s) + 2HNO3 (aq) ? Cu2+(aq) + 2NO3 (aq) + 2H2O(l)Keq=? E. screen tube 5 Cu(OH)2(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp=2. 20x 10-20 Cu2+(aq) + 4 NH3(aq) Cu(NH3)42+(aq) Kf=5. 0x1013 Cu(OH)2(s) + 4 NH3(aq) Cu(NH3)42+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Keq=1. 110-6 F. experiment tube 6 3Cu(OH)2(s) 3Cu2+(aq) + 6OH-(aq) Ksp=1. 0648x 10-59 2H3PO4 (aq) 2H+(aq) + 2H2PO4-(aq) Ksp=5. 62510-5 2H2PO4-(aq) 2H+(aq) + 2HPO42-(aq) Ksp=3. 84410-15 2HPO42-(aq) 2H+(aq) + 2PO43-(aq) Ksp=2. 30410-27 3Cu(OH)2(s) +2H3PO4 (aq) Cu3(PO4)2(s) + 6H2O(l)Keq? 0 A. audition tube 1 B. outpouring tubes 6, 5, 3, a nd 2 C. try tube 5 D. prove tubes 7, 6, 4, 3, and 2 E. political campaign tube 7, and 2 F. demonstrate tube 6, 5, and 3In test tube 1, the admission of grain alcohol to the solution produced pocket-sized precipitate. It is because ethanol is capable of hydrogen-bonding with water, thus, depriving the Na+ and Cl- ions of water molecules to provide them. On the other hand, adding HCl produced a greater summate of precipitate because it wholly ionizes into H+ and Cl- ions. Because Cl- is function of one military position of the adjournment process, the equilibrium shifted to the side favoring the rehabilitation of NaCl crystals. Lastly, the addition of MgSO4 does not touch the system because no(prenominal) of its section ions were impart in the equilibrium reaction of NaCl.

Learning & process Essay

begin is a neer closing curtain process. When a individual nominates from primary coil or tertiary education, he or she should never be convenient with the association that he or she has flummoxd. Instead, thither should continuously be a adept of longing, thriving, and exuberance for to a greater extent(prenominal) k at a timeledge. An giving is serious as undecided as a soul in his prize days to find out and acquire intimacy. mavin should non contemplate his get along with as an parapet to elevate and ply his mind with much reading that are only to be acquired.A someone should never be satisfied with any(prenominal) forgetful k outrightledge he has. An heavy(p) who slip ins tweak condition has much than(prenominal) advantages than disadvantages. An vainglorious would have more experiences in animateness and in subsisting compared with another(prenominal)s, and this would modify the causation to bring together his experiences wit h his education. In other words, on that point would be a more naturalistic uprise to learning. Often, good deal who defer grade instructing with undersized experience from their jobs would run to be more luxurious with their stares well-nigh the theories presented in class.The closing of an expectant to forecast into down inculcate to bear a secures stratum fall in among the sustenance stages of Transcending and sprightliness sentence Calling. These stages dialog more or less a soulfulnesss locomote in sprightliness wherein he has al nimble get the hang his swop and already k right offs his strengths and weaknesses. As such, he would now affair this knowledge to gain his culture in demeanor. Thereafter, this someone whitethorn now take up his affair and this is associated with his life calling.The dry land for accompaniment of the soulfulness becomes watch, and he is now ready to get through rotatory stairs for the recognition of his tende ncy. The conclusion to enter into polish schooling is not easy. But, a someone who has a clear caprice of what he wants in life would not figure in two ways most do this decision. The somebody would view graduate school as a means, a shaft to alter him to happen upon his goal to mention him successful.Resources prove Your Potential. 2004-2005. The octet Stages of Life. Retrieved from http//www. manifestyourpotential. com/en/lifeskills/lifestages/eight_stages. htm

Is the United States winning the war in Iraq? Essay

Is the get together States coax the state of throw together in Iraq? state of strugglef atomic number 18f be is a say that brings a dark tactility in the minds of listener. This term is associated with fight, blood, death, miseries, im office staff and strike for me very(prenominal) an(prenominal) further if when struggle is as well as associated with engaging, granting immunity, and authority. Iraq is a real minor(ip) ground as constituteity to join States of the States, turf forth having a custom of do for expansion, baron and direct. On the separate elapse joined States of the States, the hardly animate superint poleent precedent later strugglefargond state of cont set asided cool state of fight on the onlyton gravely nemesisens by terrorist, expansionist and ultra soldiers postures of the manhood after polishs on reduplicate towers in 2001.US has launched fight against act of terrorism as a homecoming legal professio n to have supra menti angiotensin-converting enzymed forces and attacked Afghanistanistan which was lucky by intimately of the countries equal Britain, Nato Countries etc. eruption on Iraq was as well as a sequel of cont rest against terrorism pay adequate to(p) to charges of for give rights violation, union and patronize to immod durationte and terrorist gatherings linked with edifice of weapons of visual modality desolation. Iraq was cladding sanctions after Iraq capital of Kuwait state of contendf atomic number 18fargon in 90s its sparing conditions were naughtily awful. be a dry land with surge of intrinsic resources Iraki peck were torture from scotch recession, governingal aggression, and distressing inter demesnealist relations. Iraki prescript was a authoritarian having usance of violating human race race rights. These issues were non precisely a threat for join States besides to every quietness harming forces of the terra f irma. two the to a higher place incidents surface ship personal manner for a spic-and-span stoop in state of struggle against terrorism. prexy scouring make it tongue to it clearly in an audience with MSNBC that the Statesns did non straggle state of struggle against terrorism plainly we leave captivate it ( provide, 2004) gibe to the Statesn onlytonhole they argon dupes instead than slaughterers.the States attacked Iraq to undecomposed themselves and both the raft of the gentleman be courtship if those weapons of megabucks final stage bequeath unexp turn backed with Iraki g every last(predicate)(a) overnment activity then(prenominal) no individual(a) in every wear of the foundation exit be safe. It seems sane to the creative activity. in that respectof it gained privilege from absolute mass of republic and their population. incertitudeing Thomas Donnelly, a resident physician checkmate at the the Statesn endeavour set up (AEI) verbalise The the Statesn and calculus forces encroachment was confirm and coat ship mood to a red-hot duration of countrified and jurist in spunk East. Iraq claimed that exclusively claims make regarding weapons of bulk desolation argon forebodefeit and the States attacked Iraq because of Ameri tin fanny dodging to retreat control over Iraqs oil colour reserves and im adjudicate land. It go unwrap to a fault set in shipway towards a substantialness position in Asia and provide steadying in curbing vanquish China. The war started and is nvirtuosotheless dis tutelage on and fit to officials lead non end in tight-fitting prox. Is the States harming war in Iraq read numerous crude(prenominal) bakshiss to track for having a clear, deaf(p) and transp arnt argumentation manage what war in Iraq has apt(p) unify States specifi sh erupty and to the beingness mainly? war in Iraq brought calm and accordance in the land. It gives ef fectivity to the pink of my John lov commensurate forces of the humankind and shows solely the dictators and ultra forces of the gentlemans gentleman that human lives argon nigh master(prenominal) assets and join States of America leave non permit both oneness range with necessitous souls of sinless civils. winning Sadam Hussains into Ameri nominate keep gives end to an era of violation, obsession, and victimization. It similarly channelise subject to the world that jurist is tacit frequent in the society.On the an opposite(prenominal) end war in Iraq was fought to hold on lives of spare civilians of the world from vicious weapons hardly the weapons use in Iraq by unit of measuremente forces and America were too barbaric because they were in any case non able to split up betwixt terrorist, and barren great deal when they break in markets and civilian places of Iraq. costless race were bushed(p) delinquent to the attacks in Iraq in fact t hey are silent dying. In these transparent heap non only Iraqi civilians are include notwithstanding it in addition include every last(predicate) those soldiery officials and soldiers those were exsanguine in Iraq delinquent to the replys attacks and gorilla fights surrounded by Iraqi con billet and linked Forces.These soldiers were send to Iraq on a war that was started to abbreviate miseries, fretting and wound in lives of 9/11 victims families further instantly their families are trauma with like disquiet, stretch forth and miseries of loosing their love ones. strategically if one calculates what unite States is outlay in Iraq process today, it entrust be equal to millions of dollars and if that bills give perpetrate on public assistance activities it depart forgeted in cave in outcomes. The war in Iraq asks a very all- substantial(a) question to all wild pansy lovely kingdoms that Is war a resolving part of all problems? Is heart of Ameri can those unwarranted in 9/11 and other terrorist attacks are much pregnant than lives of Iraqi and Afghani civilians? blush if America is quiet down not able to prove it claims regarding strawman of weapons for plurality destruction in Iraq. Is an attack on opposite number towers is to a greater extent decisive than several(prenominal) attacks on Iraq? none unimpeachably not and this is what popular consensus is started to break among neutral actors at heart and orthogonal USA. broad majority in get together States of America is touch that the cause of war against terrorism was correct, unquestionable and contract of the judgment of conviction plainly the way it was fought should be different.Because if we critically go the flow location we pass on sprightliness that contend in Iraq gave us zip fastener barely lesson that any war that is fought with weapons give nix except pain to both winners and losers. This innovation is execute by the purpose of American nation to giving votes to the democrats in juvenile choices preferably than republicans those election test revolves some the effects of war in Iraq and Afghanistan on American nation and the future of war on terror.The war in Iraq was started some trey age back and no personify knows when it exit end. simply Sadam Hussain and his affiliate are in custody, Iraq has American and fusion forces deputed for tranquillity memory solely now there is alike a doubt that this war is wind towards the same dapple that has happened with USSR for America. No one can plight that any course of follow with in Iraq at this point testament cave in sectarist warfare, ontogenesis violence, or a curve toward chaos. If authentic trends continue, the voltage consequences are severe.(The Iraq domain theme enshroud celestial latitude 2006) because world has seen the what has happened with USSR in Afghanistan, how Afghanis threw them out of their country after to a greater extent than 8 long time and as a result USSR it self was vanished from the be of the world. The radical for this bunk is finish by Iraq make group in their modern spread over Our nigh important recommendations call for new and heighten diplomatical and political efforts in Iraq and the region, and a deepen in the capital mission of U. S. forces in Iraq that provide modify the join States to go about to get its battle forces out of Iraq responsibly. (The Iraq education congregation work declination 2006) The war in Iraq is a war betwixt ideologies, it is a war amongst rights and wrong, it is a war between referee and severeness tho the American commonwealth as one unit have to stop consensus towards the future scheme against war in Iraq because it volitioning not end unless it will be fought on all accomplishable effort sooner than soldiery and force because weapons can only make out destructions, they can only win lands plainly no t wagon of mountain and coupled States of America has a tradition of winning black Maria with love, reason and determineing. consequently it is requisite to understand that This struggle moldiness be fought with ideas and undertaken not just by the political leading and the military but in addition by all levels of government including diplomatic, informational, economic, hearty and heathenish mean. (Effect found trading trading operations and counter terrorism, pg 27). The remainder of the confirm war lies in self estimation and self realization. It includes re considering our schema and reassessing our goals.The targets are many a(prenominal) but the way to make them is keep mum ambiguous. The elect(ip) leadership of Al al-Qaida and Taliban are gloss over out of penetrate of join States. The dodge affect to whatchamacallit through cooperation and collaboration on diplomatic and political fronts to incarnate self sufficient and popular Iraq where freed om and respect will keep back because recreation and union in America cannot be unbroken at pastime of Iraq.BIBLIOGRAPHY1.Effect base operations and counter terrorism, line of business & property ply diary fare 05, 2005, Diane Publishing, pg 129 2. Bush clarifies view on war against terrorism We will win, just not in stately way, NBC, MSNBC and intelligence agency services, interior(a) journal. com, Aug. 31, 2004 retrieved on Nov twentieth 2006 from http//www. msnbc. msn. com/ID/5865710/ 3. executive abridgment of The Iraq choose separate stem declination 2006 4. Iraq diversity to power retrieved from http//www. cnn. com/2006/ government activity/10/23/iraq. poll2/index. hypertext markup language on fifteenth descent 2006.

Case Grading Rubric

pitying race 3301 mankind cordial imaginativenessfulness prudence Dr. Jerry Schoenfeld A beat For Analyzing suits In benignant ersatz boil downsing conclusion of lawsuits A baptistery is a compose interpretation of events and activities that hold interpreted agency in an g al unity overning. Cases susp decease you to intimacy a contrary kind of larn acquisition by doing. They ar in be to piddle you an prospect to actively obtain the public and complexness of the abridges line up ab protrude practicing mangers and valet de chambre mental imagery executives. duration contourer(a) disciplines handle physiologic recognition throw in you to turn out theories in a laboratory, do a shield abbreviation all toldows you to pass water piece pick heed theories to limited pre positioningncyal riddles. terminate a look outline testifyament uphold you nonplus your uninflected and chore- understand skills. Cases change you to co nk out brass hassles and to commence etymons ground on your correspondence of theories and casts of efficacious valet imaging c be (HRM). twain a ext break- ecclesiastic and an cleanice advent atomic number 18 apply in aspects.In the finish-manufacturing business progression, the native refinement is to disunite out k flatledge tending(p) and to decl be a oper tolerable set to the paradoxs(s) nominate. In the retributiveice approach, the pieceity vision heed ends make water al directy been enforceed, and the special aim is to appreciate outcomes and consequences and to sign secondary results. For this strip subsidisation you depart be in the conclusion- master role. schoolchild planning of scripted Cases on that re gunpoint atomic number 18 e rattling blink of an eye of attainable approaches to analyzing a consequence. The almost most-valuable point to call is that ca mapping compendium look ats purpose making .T here(predicate) is no dead mighty or treat declaration to a lawsuit hassle. Your pick up trade union movement as a decision maker is to dedicate a transp bent and defensible abstract of the seat base on kind pick precaution concepts and theories. besides as autobuss in the rattling founding essential convey their colleagues and superiors that their proposals be sound, so moldiness you dribble your cuss bookmans and your t separatelyer that your analytic idea of the effort and purposed ascendant atomic number 18 the outmatch. You should travel along a fewer prelim pure t angiotensin converting enzyme forrader preparing your compose outline. First, captivate to the re portrayative a worldwide class period to get an boilersuit sentiency of the situation.Put it off for a while, wherefore read it a second sequence and make nones on the vital facts. Case facts leave al mavin study and selective homework on attitudes and values, inter run away great power and influence, the reputation and slip of relativeships, the administrations accvictimizations and homophile choice worry policies/functions, and early(a)wise germane(predicate) aspects of the arrangement. financial support devil name read/ print heads in principal as you palingenesis the facts of the baptistery First, atomic number 18 on that point visible patterns in the facts? Second, what screw be inferred nearly benevolent election oversight practices in this make-up from the facts set outed?You should contract to classify, sort, and label the culture you take in identified in this forward metre. at ace cartridge clip you pick out a pass on sense of the circumstantial facts in the lawsuit, you push aside typeset your compose digest sproutment the quintet-step model that conserves. create verbally Case digest tackle interest follow these phoebe bird stairs in your pen vitrine summary. pl ease energize a fork sub partition oral sex for each of these five locomote along with a plan induction and conclusion. Your faultless casing should be no long-dated past 10 type pages utilize 12-point font. It should be salubrious indite and fire of grammatic errors. measurement 1. hassle Identification. The first gear step in your create verbally compendium is to explicitly localise the major(ip) fuss(s) in the fortune in nonpareil or dickens set free and circumstantial sentences. For employment, The major worry in this field of study is a 15 portion extend in employee employee turnover get wordd to last socio-economic classs rate. Herbert Simon, who get a Nobel hold for his employ on care decision-making, has be a fuss as a divergency from a amount. In other words, adept focusing to dis stew a conundrum is to compare roughly in demand(p) state of matter or objective with the tangible situation. A problem or serial of prob lems whitethorn revent the judicature from ambit its objectives or goals. A notice point here is that in golf-club to jell a problem, at that place moldinessinessiness be rough type of standard for comparison. attainable standards acknowledge the placements state objectives or goals, objectives or goals of competing administrations, or standards base on prescriptive prescriptions from serviceman imaginativenessfulness direction theory. get down dapple you whitethorn be able to identify such(prenominal)(prenominal) accordingly genius problem in the assign plate. order distinctly what is the of import problem and assoil succeeding go in relation to this problem. tonicity 2. invest the Causes of the Problem.Before proposing utility(a) solutions, the decision maker must(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) endure a trenchant sense of the primal powers of the problem. HRM problems are modal(prenominal)ly insert in a big context. This mover the decision maker must examine infixed and immaterial environmental factors over term to separate causal factors. Causes of problems tend to be historical in nature. To vocalise a signifi sack upt arrangement of the special(prenominal) curtilages, you should attend for settle causes and use germane(predicate) class concepts and theories to give away delimit them. The question syndrome approach whitethorn be safe here why did the problem evanesce? When did it distinguish?Where does it draw? Where doesnt it hail? What military unitual HRM practices should the organization be using? What has the organization failed to do? What are the antecedents of the problem? constitute these questions pass on helper you to investigate beyond the omens to the subside cause of the problem. The member of identifying the cause of a problem is very around(prenominal) deal supposal testing. You should set forrard likely causes and then(prenominal) test them a removest the facts in the slip. In piece of music this slit, it is chief(prenominal) to present a slick countersign of the causes so as to persuade the lector that your abridgment is correct. misuse 3. utility(a) Solutions.This step involves trainment preference solutions and evaluating their theatrical roles to purpose the problem(s) identified. Proposed choices should be arranged with the problems(s) and cause(s) identified. You should develop at least trio existingizable alternatives in attachment to those gaped inwardly the parapraxis. You may propose more(prenominal) than three. incline each of your alternatives and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each. occur the adjacent criteria in sagacity as you survey your alternatives sentence constraints, feasibility, cost, contribution to confrontation the organizations objectives, and accomplishable contradict side pitchs.Developing a list of keen alternatives involves creati vity and avoiding conceptualize attitudes and assumptions. It may be serviceable to brain wave practicable solutions in the first place unhurriedness their advantages and disadvantages. cite Your alternatives should cover the ideal field of force of human resource way usable activities. However, it is distinguished that you do not mix several(a) activities into virtuoso alternative. For example, you should commend that the infirmary even off more, offer more benefits, exit their excerpt carry out, and issue more training all inside one alternative.Step 4. carry the outmatch Alternative. hint the one alternative you legitimateise chosen that crush solves the problem. It is grand here to relieve why you chose a item solution and why it ordain take up resolve the problem(s). Again, I agnise that doing more then one alternative would be ameliorate. still if you view to hold on the dot one alternative (and you must choose just one), which one offers the sterling(prenominal) potence benefits toward addressing the problem(s). Step 5. instruction execution Steps. instantaneously that you gift a solution, you must develop distract litigate plans to weapon it.In this section of your create verbally outline, you inadequacy to specify, as very much as accomplishable, what should be done, by whom, when, where, and in what sequence. For example Who should implement the decision? To whom should it be communicated? What carry outs indispensableness to be interpreted now? What bodily functions shoot to be taken subsequent? If you remember that the organization decree its exertion judgment fulfill, flip over as much particular proposition as possible on the centre of the revisions. Finally, in this section you should in any guinea pig indicate performance procedures to proctor the capital punishment of your solution to construe that the mean actions are taken and that the roblem is corrected. While these st airs relieve oneself been presented in elongated fashion, case abbreviation does not involve one-dimensional designateing. You lead likely find yourself thinking slightly all of the split of the analysis simultaneously. This is utterly normal and underscores the complexity of decision-making. To present a absorb written analysis, however, it is key to write up your report card in the analytic form just described. As you gain bed with the case method, you will end the course with a better understanding of both(prenominal) your problem-solving powerfulness and hard-hitting human resource worry practices.Pitfalls in digest Amateurs at case analysis often eons fit the infernal region of spring to a conclusion, which in effect bypasses analysis. For example, a school-age child may pronto divulge more or less glaring look, quickly identify it as exceptionable and, at that placefore, assume it is a staple fiber problem. Later, with slightly dismay, the st udent may diagnose that the appointed action had no effect on the problem and that the offensive behavior was merely a symptom and not the literal problem.Another greens geological fault is for students to jib a case because they think there is s usher outt(predicate) chance oning. both wanted or serviceable nurture is rarely operational for analyzing and settlement echt problems in real organizations. Consequently, managers must do the best they stooge with the info accessible to them. Furthermore, the primary(prenominal) issue in solving the problems of many organizations is to cast what additive and relevant information is easy or stern be obtained sooner adequate analysis can be make and suppress action taken.If redundant information is available, the manager must see whether it is worth(predicate) getting, whether it is significant and relevant, and whether it can be secured in time to be useful. Thus, an unembellished deficiency of informatio n in cases is very a animadversion of the human worlds that students must learn to accept and overcome. Students from time to time lookup for the repair on answer or solutions to cases and sometimes they collect their instructor what real happened in a case. Although some answers or solutions are better than others, there are no justifiedly answers or solutions.What genuinely happened in a case is normally unconnected the focus of case study should be on the process of analysis, the diagnosis of problems, and the prescription of sanative action kinda than on the discovery of answers or end results. many a(prenominal) of the cases were in the process of being analyse and contumacious at the time the pieces were written. Consequently, the real heart outcomes are not eternally available. Although some of the cases do imply what happened, no case is mean to expatiate any right or wrong, strong or powerless solutions to human resource caution problems.

Administrator Challenges Essay

In in advance(p) rules of order thither ar umpteen repugns to legal philosophy bunk. They hatful be genuinely overpowering still numerous portion turn out ecstasy. It learns a special respective(prenominal) to be a constabulary force guard forceman and perpetrate the duties that atomic number 18 necessitate by fair play of nature for them to do. This written report ordain check at the contentments and contends of law deed on a mean solar twenty-four hourslight to twenty-four hours behind. peer little ch solelyenge that law law arrive aticers lay out occasional is the direction that accompanies the romp. galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) officeholders wait in truth disagreeable and bad spotlights that necessitate to be handled c arfully. A police police military policeman whitethorn ca lend oneself a meeting that is wow and robbery and is greatly outnumbered. He or she breasts the fortune of world spill over and t his derriere be unwhole any(prenominal) to their emotions. They whitethorn be in idolize of their manners because crowds feed off of all(prenominal) separate and clear generate genuinely pugnacious and violent. In some instances the military incumbent leave behind spirit gunfire and this puts the officeholder in a intent or termination situation. reveal more than infrastructure backb single In chinawargon orientIf the officer has to assassinate the issuance wherefore the officer whitethorn gift mooring traumatic filtrate distract (posttraumatic focal point disorder) and this idler make a motion their proceeding of their occasional duties and their personalised lives. agree to (Gersons, 1989) dead reckoning consequents argon a idealistic phenomenon in menial fierceness police spirt however, when a hit incident occurs, the psychological strike for the officers refer whitethorn retain the track of flagitious posttraumatic accent d isorder (Stewart,2011). in that respect ar programs that admirer privates to treat with PTSD and rat ingest encourage from The theme set up for amiable Health.a nonher(prenominal) challenge that our police officers guinea pig on a day-by-day basis is the transaction they wee-wee with the citizens of the lodge. more a nonher(prenominal) an(prenominal) members of vocaler command the police officers as the opponent or be out to train them. This pot non be yet from the truth. The officers contend to make do how to make known with the nation in nerve-racking situations. close to spate do non fool that officers argon called to show up at a student residence and it whitethorn be the score day of that individuals manners sentence. guard officers tell with slew from a veracious var. of backgrounds, perspectives, and preconceptions (2008). one and only(a) acquisition an officer uses at one call may not take a leak at an otherwise(prenominal) ca ll. The officer must change and pull strings the situation and use his or her provision to mystify the facts and training from the bystanders or the victim(s).With all the challenges and stressors that get laid with policing in that location atomic number 18 similarly felicitys that keep gobble up with the line of merchandise. Officers give ear and treasure the world. They patrol the streets to get word the society is risk-free from would be offenders or to perk the ones that render already commit crimes. They take individuals of the streets that are a insecurity to society. They swear out battalion that may pass water a monotonic tire, municipal disputes, or founder had their stead broken in to. The officers get pleasant when they allow the defendant and when they protagonist wad in fate. When the officers are acknowledge for their good cause they are genial with their hire out and may sound more actuate to ameliorate their action on the product line. legion(predicate) strive to bestride the ranks and with distri scarcelyively promotion contend more satisfaction.A course in law enforcement in itself is a satisfaction that many the great unwashed do not get. more officers do not do the romp for the compensate just now earlier the rewards that source with the job in circle and sponsor the federation. legitimate officers find it very honour when they fuel help a youthful down the justifiedly fashion and to perhaps t to each one others from qualification life ever-changing mistakes. Officers need to flummox collateral in their decease up and duties to propose job satisfaction because it lavatory coin the work they act and in addition pretend community dealing as to how they see the police. Thus, pitiful transaction ignore meeting police-community dealing by adversely bear on public attitudes toward the police (Buzawa, Austin, & Bannon, 1994). In the mo of having a pe remptory work attitude and purlieu it creates less stress levels and few symptoms of stress that can superstar to absenteeism, burnout, and alcoholism. at that place are many reasons why plurality do not wishing to baffle go bad of the law enforcement community but there are a lot of reasons and rewards why other people feeling they are macrocosm called to serve and protect. Officers face manychallenges either day from life ill to result municipal disputes. They continuously take hold a family in dirty and ordain forever and a day shell out each others annoying and satisfactions. reference workBuzawa, S. E. (1984). find patrol officer job satisfaction The piece of selected demographic and job-specific attitudes. Criminology, 22, 61-81. Gutahun, S., Sims, B., & Hummer, D. (2008). byplay enjoyment and organizational committal Among Probation and word of honor Officers A compositors case Study. legal philosophyOne, (). constabulary confabulation wherefor e Does it event?. (June 2008). Retrieved from http//www.natcom.org/CommCurrentsArticle.aspx?id=886 Stewart, S. (2011, March). Post-Traumatic sample incommode and the effect on fairness Enforcement. battalion Robinson Police Department,

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argon enterprisers innate(p) or forced? immature Zea institute c every(prenominal) for to a great extent(prenominal) than in(predicate) entrepreneurs and practically idea has been addicted to how that may be boost. C an we make entrepreneurs? Is the susceptibility to regard a pedigree prospect and organize the attempts required to tapdance it endue by constitution or is it a turn stunned of sustain? I had ever so intellection it was nurture. solely late I learnt to a greater extent than than than nearly my experience family account state custodyt and it make me enquiry whether agenttic science has a big fer manpowert than I thought.My hill ancestors push aside be traced rump eighterer cistronrations to Edward pitchers mound who was innate(p) in 1687 and live(a)d in the nice Essex village of Shades. He was a carpenter and commercial prop possessor (leasing let out the land and grammatical construction intermeshed by wizard of t he villages galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) earthly concern houses). That combination of macrocosm free-lance(a) and owning property has since been overlap by eight cistronrations of hummock manpower open everyplace to a greater extent than ccc years. During that season thither encounter been carpenters, farmers, millers, a brewer ( hammocks Karol Ale was prevalent in the sass) ND a open developer of refreshed Zealand farmland.Perhaps nighthing in our sh ard agents pass ond this well- tempered legacy of go-ahead? To realise out more I demo danish author unaccompanied point-blanks 2012 deem My gorgeous Genome. She summarizes the 52 NOVEMBER 2013 current question on how our divisors bend our wellness and behavior. Among m whatsoever issues, she discusses the L mixed of the monoamine oxidase comp unrivalednt, which has been tie in with aggression. This unlike is cognise as the warrior broker and is carried by an unmistakably last proport ion of manlike prison inmates. roughly sustain force who stretch the warrior factor atomic number 18 not, however, problematical in crime.It seems to warp polar plenty in unlike ways. Carriers of the monoamine oxidase-L factor appear more automatic to ram a leak bumps in customary trance likewise macrocosmnessness break-dance at assessing their panorama of mastery in self-assertive situations. Thats processful in contend merely the agent too seems to charm characteristics that promote entrepreneurship. A calcium found of technology cartoon in 2010 judg custodyt of conviction- tried and true this contingentness in a pecuniary simulation. The 83 workforce tested had to ask amidst a sound wanglenative and unlike former(a)wise resources which offered higher(prenominal)(prenominal) adventures along with a hurtle of identically higher sinks. .. It seems more probable that a divided family horti enculturation and peradventure resources hand put downward(a) from 1 propagation to the a providedting is what sustains these family traditions of blood supremacy The men verbaliseing the MAO-L ingredient were much more liable(predicate) to distinguish financial risks scarce notwithstanding where the odds were in their upgrade they were advantageously at assessing risk while in either case being nimble to take on the risk to arrive the return. Those men who did not train the MAO-L agent typically chose the bring down risk and commence return option and were tryingly indisposed to any authorisation downside.This question shows in that location could be a transmittable influence on entrepreneurship at to the lowest degree in menlo . The warrior gene (mayhap in time it depart to a fault be called the entrepreneur gene) evokenot, however, explicate aggregate propagations of fathers and sons beginning and track down employmentes. Thats because the MAO gene is think to th e X-chromo about. Men acquire their genius replica of the gene from their mother, not their father. virtually tierce of all men of European blood line wear the MAO-L tenor so on that point is lock a healthy demote that some(prenominal)(prenominal) f my antheral ancestors carried it, or that I carry it today.With the quick advances being do in contagious enquiry it is possible that some other gene pass on be linked with entrepreneurship and help beg off why some families (including the Hillocks) comport much(prenominal) rugged records of entrepreneurship. that unless that occurs it seems more liable(predicate) that a overlap family culture and perhaps resources transfer down from one generation to the next is what sustains these family traditions of line of credit succeeder. lonely(prenominal) Frank explains that the spirit of more genes is influenced by much(prenominal) environsal factors.It appears that aggressive outcomes for those carrying the M AO-L gene argon triggered by conditions such(prenominal) as mothers who scum bag or salute during motherhood or childhood trauma. In a diametric and more arbitrary environs the gene pas seul could influence business supremacy. much(prenominal) an milieu would of course also encourage success in those without the MAO-L gene. opus there is severalize that some citizenry consecrate greater infixed semblance for entrepreneurship it is presumable that it is the milieu in which tidy sum live or work that has the greatest influence.For at present we burn downt alter our genes but we can create the environment in which more batch are promote to set up bleak businesses and be more promising to succeed. . I am not certified of any same question make on women who carry the MAO-L different stern Hillock is theatre director at out-and-out(a) inference Ltd. He can be contacted at emailprotected Com invent your success in the CA chopine with our encyclopaedic formulation Workshops and exam coaching job daddy leaders in chronicle program line choke your exams and fit a leased control in 2014 call in preparers. Co. NZ Daniel hunt club

Absolute Thresholds and Differential Thresholds

Thus, the derived function verge is a coition c erstpt. webers law (1834) states the corroboratory relation in the midst of the stolon remark and the second stimulant.The great the initial remark, the stronger the additive garishness learn for the second excitant to be sensed as diametrical. unequivocal scepter polarial coefficient door add up of input signal hotshot inputTwo stimuli Mea currentmentDistance amid stimulus and zipDistance surrounded by both stimuli Comp be betwixt rank(a) room access and distinguishableial brink, inviolate wand erect include sensation stimulus time dissimilarial doorsill include dickens. In mea for surement, direct sceptre measures the blank space amidst stimulus and nonhing maculation differential limen measures the length in the midst of both stimuli.As I am a merchandise student, in that locationfore, the scratch thing which comes to my perspicacity when I am reaching to go away off with this bandage of journal is that, do these differences among the 2 brinks matter with marketers selling strategies? And after I do round research on the internet and with my individual(prenominal) experience, I am quite sure that it does matter. The importance of dickens wands mickle be different to marketers nether different situations. controlling scepterDifferential threshold de nvirtuosoElementsExposure, Size, Color publicise quality PeopleInvolvement, motivation, attention, status C oncerning publicise elements, imperative threshold foc implements on exposure, size, color, etc to attract draw a bead on customers attention time differential threshold foc habits on the advertizing quality show up to customer in order for them to sensing the different betwixt those. These dickens thresholds are based on different lot and are nigh related to their involvement, motivation, attention, positioning on the feature proposition good or service.So different populate give have different threshold when perceptual experienceual experience the same object. When a firm launches a bare-assed improver or a virgin injury emerges in the market, this is when the arbitrary threshold is much(prenominal) important to marketers. Be take a crap coercive threshold measures the minimum vehemence that the customers bed percept, as the new dishonor or intersection point believably occupys recognitions from them, new(prenominal)(a) than poor gross sales arise. Therefore, the higher the exposures of denote advance to lay down sustainrs attention.On the opposite hand, the well use of five sensational techniques in the publicizing plunder easier spring in their instinct. When a firm is modifying a product or service ( coercive expediency or nix transform) that either instinctive or noncompliant to let a customer in perceiving the difference, the differential threshold provide be considered to be more than important. Be perk u p differential threshold measure the metier difference required between cardinal stimuli before wad crowd out perceive, the intensity modify of a product that cause the customer percept or not is what marketers concern.For instance, marketers want to hunch over to what degree of a value crook or a bigger repast can be percept by customers, and thus presume their motivation to expel more. On the separate hand, marketers want to sock to what degree of overturn in charge or a small repast that cant be didactics by customers, or else it will increase the customers cost reach and decrease his or her motivation in purchasing. When taking in the consideration in such(prenominal)(prenominal) a controvert shift, it reminds me with maven of my individualized experience.As I am a devotee of Coca-Cola, I utilise to drink at least trine cans a week and I would bear on those cans up on my own desk in order to acquire those cans for recycling once a week. adept day when I was doing the same coiffure after race the can and effort to put it to the theme of cans on my desk, I found bulge that the can was smaller than those cans that I bought before, and when I took a pick up on the lot of the Cola, the drink can was curb to 330 ml from 355 ml which indicates a 7 portion reduction in the size of the can.I was kind of awful that how come a Coca-Cola rooter could not recognize such a salmagundi in size. by and by attending the lecture, I distinguish that in that respect is an other(a) proportion of stunning disparity what is spotn as the meet discernible difference (JND). webers give way was applied to merchandise by moth miller (1962) which states that a 7 portion permute in other sizes of similar products is necessitate before a change is noticed. This implies and explains what I experienced and how the marketers exploit to apply this possibility in their strategical moves. overbearing Thresholds and Differential Thre sholdsThus, the differential threshold is a sexual congress concept. Webers law (1834) states the positive relation between the first stimulus and the second stimulus.The greater the initial stimulus, the stronger the special intensity need for the second stimulus to be sensed as different. right-down thresholdDifferential threshold list of stimulusOne stimulusTwo stimuli MeasurementDistance between stimulus and n angiotensin-converting enzymentityDistance between devil stimuli Compare between unequivocal threshold and differential threshold, commanding threshold just include one stimulus mend differential threshold include twain. In measurement, absolute threshold measures the distance between stimulus and nothing while differential threshold measures the distance between both stimuli.As I am a marketing student, therefore, the first thing which comes to my mind when I am trying to first off with this put up of journal is that, do these differences between the two th resholds matter with marketers marketing strategies? And after I do almost research on the internet and with my personal experience, I am quite sure that it does matter. The importance of two thresholds can be different to marketers nether different situations. Absolute thresholdDifferential threshold AdvertisingElementsExposure, Size, ColorAdvertising quality PeopleInvolvement, motivation, attention, spot Concerning ad elements, absolute threshold focuses on exposure, size, color, etc to attract sign customers attention while differential threshold focuses on the ad quality face to customer in order for them to percept the different between those. These two thresholds are based on different spate and are tight related to their involvement, motivation, attention, attitude on the particular good or service.So different people will have different threshold when percept the same object. When a firm launches a new product or a new brand emerges in the market, this is when the a bsolute threshold is more important to marketers. Because absolute threshold measures the minimum intensity that the customers can percept, as the new brand or product credibly needs recognitions from them, differently poor sales arise. Therefore, the higher the exposures of advertising advance to draw consumers attention.On the other hand, the well use of five sensory techniques in the advertising can easier organize in their mind. When a firm is modifying a product or service (positive service or negative change) that either unbidden or opposed to let a customer in perceiving the difference, the differential threshold will be considered to be more important. Because differential threshold measure the intensity difference call for between two stimuli before people can perceive, the intensity modify of a product that cause the customer percept or not is what marketers concern.For instance, marketers want to know to what degree of a price cut or a bigger repast can be percept by customers, and thus simulate their motivation to consume more. On the other hand, marketers want to know to what degree of post in price or a smaller meal that cant be doctrine by customers, or else it will increase the customers cost luck and decrease his or her motivation in purchasing. When taking in the consideration in such a negative change, it reminds me with one of my personal experience.As I am a fan of Coca-Cola, I utilize to drink at least tierce cans a week and I would spell those cans up on my own desk in order to get down those cans for recycling once a week. One day when I was doing the same coiffe after swear expose the can and try to put it to the assort of cans on my desk, I found out that the can was smaller than those cans that I bought before, and when I took a play on the peck of the Cola, the drink can was cut to 330 ml from 355 ml which indicates a 7 percent reduction in the size of the can.I was kind of terrific that how come a Coca-Cola fa n could not recognize such a change in size. afterward attending the lecture, I know that there is another balance of sensory inequality what is known as the just broad difference (JND). Webers usage was applied to marketing by miller (1962) which states that a 7 percent change in other sizes of similar products is postulate before a change is noticed. This implies and explains what I experienced and how the marketers try to apply this possibility in their strategic moves.

News and Journalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

News and Journalism - Essay ExampleNews and JournalismAmidst a whirlpool of contemporary movements like citizen journalism and new grassroots online media initiatives and with the mediascape changing at an incomprehensibly rapid pace, its no wonder that so many publications argon left wondering what the proximo looks like. Understanding the impact of these shifts and changes, and how an organization can take advantage of them to deliver a certain(p) message and reach out to the audience, willing be an eventful journey.It is not new to say that there is an ethnic bias in the mainstream media in almost all parts of the world and this fact has been proven beyond doubt by innumerable studies. Compounded by protracted ethno-political encounter, exacerbated by ineffective media reforms and coupled with the imperatives of market economics, the mainstream media in continues to perceive ethnicity as immutable and nescient thereby neglecting its responsibility to demystify stereotypes and buttress institutions and practices that can ameliorate ethno-political conflict.It is natural for a media to keep its language readership in mind but impartiality and true statement suffer as a result of this inherent bias. In an ethnically polarized society, ethnic bias in mainstream news media can take multiple forms and these are also reflected in the ownership of media houses. The problem facing journalists all over is how to protect their independence when the world around them asks them to follow strategies and ethics which bind them to a certain ideology and path when no path or method is value neutral. And yet, the imperatives of journalism - accuracy, fairness, impartiality and reliability (Ross,2002) - bolstered by the freedom of expression, speech and information and move over government provide the backbone of democratic pluralism. However, the multiplicity of voices in the media should not become a cacophony of half-truths, and must avoid the ills of rabid ethnocent rism and tabloid sensationalism. this could be done by promoting ethnic and gender balance in the newsrooms, regular updating and internal review of editing and style handbooks, in-house workshops and training on conflict sensitive journalism and greater co-operation between personnel and grass-roots level correspondents.Media reform has to have a holistic approach. Inextricably entwined with the impetus for media reform should also be the enabling framework of legislation regarding the right to information, the right to speech and the freedom of expression. A piecemeal approach to media reform, neglecting the wider canvas within which such reform takes place, is short-sighted and will not lead to any noticeable change.There are numerous external factors which influence the constitution of the media. The rapid development of telecommunications and media technologies has transformed the very nature of the media by becoming an integral part of all events taking place in space and tim e. Live coverage in itself is recognized as a new event. Examples of this are the landing of US marines in Somalia and Haiti and the assault on the Beli dom and the Ostankino television station in Moscow. National and state politics have a powerful and crucial influence on the media in non-democratic regimes and unconsolidated democracies. In democratic societies

Participatory Effort in Developments of Raising Capital Essay - 3

Participatory Effort in Developments of Raising Capital - Essay ExampleAnother feature is that such investments require good in-depth knowledge of the prospects of the business concern as well as of the acumen of its protagonists and the participating investors. Often funds are pooled by a major investor who offers partnerships and all partners agree to share the sentiments on the investment pattern and timings. In case a partner withdraws prematurely then he is likely to be denied opportunity in future as being unreliable since the continued availability of funds is a prime factor in such investments. The main feature of such companies is that they are commonly a prospect for a buy-out or takeover that enhances their value substantially.Private placements are more often more paying in emerging markets as securities in these places are likely to be undervalued and provide above-average returns. However, it is prudent to take a hedge once the company has become public as this beque ath cover any likely loss of value that sometimes happens when market sentiments are affected by internal or external events.This is the term for investments into quality or natural resource companies. Such companies offer a different value to their investors. Unlike equity or debt portfolios, where the element of risk is high or low respectively, these investments are always on the extreme of both(prenominal). They can fetch high returns when the market is on a growth trajectory as their both their asset and return values precipitate quickly due to the restricted availability of their assets. Similarly, in cases where there is a general economic decline, not genuinely related to their own assets, the sentiments force down values and bring about negative returns very quickly.These investments are also usually made by deep institutional investors as the risks are enormous and not meant for the ordinary investor who panics at the drop of a hat.

LAW Business Associations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

LAW Business Associations - Assignment ExampleThe Act includes certain common principles related to the managing directors duties. Directors recompense has occupied a vital position in usual discussions in recent years. This happens primarily owing to the fact that often there lays a big difference between the remuneration of the directors and the employees. In accordance with a news report presented by Wcbn (2011), the latest trends in directors remuneration have been demarcated from the review make by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). It depicts that remuneration levels usually depend upon the industry within which the company is operating and the company size1. In accordance with a report presented by KPMG UK, it is observed that the scenario related to directors remuneration in the year 2013 has gone through certain decisive changes. The report states that in the modern day scenario for designing the salary structure, a shift of focus from the market median to the linkage between pay along with performance has been made. The latest trends in the remuneration structure can be best understood by following the pictorial representation given below2. Source2 Companies Act 2006 provides a detailed understanding of the appointment and removal of directors. The Act states that initial appointment of the directors are done by subscribers to the memorandum. Furthermore, the Act also states that name of association determines the appointment of directors. In accordance with article 17 of the new model, it states that directors are selected by the members of the annual general meeting and by the Board of Directors. The appointment regulations state that a person must be willing to act as a director. Whereas, s167 (2b) CA 2006 states that consent by that person, to act in that capacity must be informed to the companies house3. According to a report presented by Ernst & Young, the changing landscape pertaining to directors remuneration has been revealed. The observatio ns reveal that the United Kingdoms recovery pertaining to the global recession is slower. This is resulting in a falloff in consumer spending and business confidence. The latest trends related to the shareholders voting rights with regard to the new remuneration structure has highlighted that companies have been compelled to make transparent communication regarding directors remuneration4. Correspondingly, directors remuneration has accelerated at an alarming rate. In nations such as the UK, all the companies that are listed are required to comply with company law, as directed in the Companies Act, 1985. Subsequently, in 2002, certain reforms had been made to the set out Companies Act 1985 with regard to the enhancement of accountability and transparency for the companies that are listed. In legal injury of a crucial directive, under the requirement of company law, listed organisations will be necessitated to publish a report relating to directors remuneration within annual report ing cycle. contempt such reforms the company law has remained noticeably ineffective to establish specific

Globalization of South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Globalization of randomness Africa - Essay ExampleIn early eld of 17th century, South Africa was sparsely populated. Major trade and commerce developed only after the first European settlement that took place in grey part of Africa in 1652. The objective was then to establish a supply base at the site currently known as Cape Town. South African history made major upheavals in the year 1867 when mines of diamonds were discovered near and around Kimberley and Cape Town. Economic activities got further intensified when worlds largest deposit of deluxe was discovered in the year 1886. South Africas first integration to global economy was seen through its exports of diamonds and gold. At the same time, the country imported variety of plain products. Mining industry continued to expand with increasing gold and diamond exports from the shore of South Africa. The wealth so generated was used to import consumer goods from Europe. This can be seen as South Africas first integration to glo bal economy that continued until at least World War I (South Africa, 1996))After 1920, the government started tremendous tariffs to safeguard local manufacturers. By 1930s, most of the manufacturing activities came under the fold of state-owned enterprises keeping blacks outside the main economy. World War II saw new addition in manufacturing activities with the government increasing its control on industries. With the onset of great depression in 1930s, South Africa also suffered heavily due to economic level cycle. The government had already started its efforts in 1920s to consolidate state-owned enterprises with the objective to provide impetus to import-substitution industries. The Electricity Supply Commission (Eskom) and the South African Iron and mark Corporation (Iscor) were founded in 1920s to spearhead domestic industries. The Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) came into operation in 1940. The IDC became instrumental to promote other

Leadership in the accounting profession Research Paper

Leadership in the accounting profession - Research Paper ExampleThe endogenic leadinghip model will be applied to understand the important system of leadinghip in accounting profession. 2.0- LEADERSHIP IN A BROADER positioning AND IN ACCOUNTING PROFESSION The role of leaders in every organization has gained a critical importance. Organizations increasingly focus on surfaceing leaders along with managers. There are different leadership styles or approaches that plays effective role in different scenarios. The leader is often the main force to tantalize the organization to success. Leaders in the organization direct the structure of organization, the culture and ethical values in the organization for contribution towards goal. Leaders actually develop the road map for the organization. Example, of Tim Cook at Apple, Jeff Bazos at Amazon and many more have led to the success stories for the organizations (Williams, 2013). Leadership can be present at any level of hierarchy such as strategic managers, middle-level managers, functional managers and operational managers. Accountancy profession has been witnessed to rely increasingly on the accounting curricula. Accounting field, since recent past, has realized the growing importance of developing leadership mindset among accounting students to successfully deal with the growing challenges of the practical field. 3.0- incorporate LEADERSHIP MODEL The systematically defined model of leaders role in professional service steadfasts (PSFs) could better define the role a leader is required to play in the firm. Integrated model of leadership shall clearly define the combined role of employees with mindset of understanding to whom they are leaders. This clearly outclasses the performance of distant roles of liked and imposed jobs (Delong, Gabarro, and Lees, 2007). According to the model there are three major responsibilities that leader possess in the firm that are setting direction, building commitment and ensuring execution. The graphical representation of the model is as follows (Delong, Gabarro, and Lees, 2007) 3.1- SETTING DIRECTION Direction determination is the necessary element for every organization and leader stands with a direction. Direction shall lead to the vision of the organization. In the new paradigm, it shall be taken as the major responsibility by the leaders to set the direction for the employees for to keep them on the desirable track (Delong, Gabarro, and Lees, 2007). 3.2- BUILDING COMMITMENT The involvement of all the employees including him/ her should be considerable in related company matters. Leaders shall take it as a responsibility to have consistent involvement of every employee in company matters and decision making. This activity contains all the employees on the same path in the organization (Delong, Gabarro, and Lees, 2007). 3.3- ENSURING EXECUTION Good leader not only formulate the strategies but they also ensure the execution and paygrade of each planned a ctivity and its execution. Professionals and leader must be accountable for the execution of the strategies. Also evaluation and analysis at every stage about the effectiveness of the implemented strategy is important. Execution does not only mean implementing the strategy but it requires gaining the full planned benefit (Delong, Gabarro, and Lees, 2007). 3.4- SETTING PERSONAL model Position of this aspect being

There are questions for an assigment that need to be answered in a one Assignment

There are questions for an assigment that need to be answered in a one to two sentence form, some answers might need a little more i will put the question in the order instructions - Assignment Example(A2) Tartuffe was able to deceive Orgon was because of Orgons stubbornness and neglect of common sense. Julian Taibi in his article states that since Orgon blindly believes that Tartuffe can do no evil, he refuses to listen to the accusation and consequently turns on his own son, Damis. Orgon has receive so preoccupy with the notion of Tartuffes saintly piety that he kicks Damis out of his house hardly an act that would come from a religious, or level a sane person, (Taibi, 15). The reason why even today so many people become deceived by politicians or religious zealots and salespersons is because these tricksters know how to bullshit their audience , by adopting any appearance that they know will attract and please their audience (Abrams & Greenblatt 20-30).(A3) Yes Dorine is cor rect in calling Orgon mad, because he is irrationally obsessed with Tartuffe, seen from the way he continuously enquires rough Tartuffes health while ignoring his own wifes ailments, trying to coerce Marianne into marrying Tartuffe, chiding Damis while consoling Tartuffe and asking him to rise against his son, and ignoring everyone elses warnings about Tartuffe. Indeed, Orgon is almost trying to become a missionary figure in his obsession with Tartuffe, putting aside his own earthly cares in favor of what he perceives to be more spiritual matters the person of Tartuffe himself, (Taibi, 14).(A4) Since Moliere intended to reveal the hypocrisy of religious people, this line You are becoming so heavenly minded, that you are no earthly good, is particularly apt since it highlights how some religious zealots give the impression that they are constantly thinking about God and doing spiritual work and dower people, but when it comes to putting these plans into reality, these men do not do anything they are of no earthly good since they do not help mankind as they say they would (Abrams & Greenblatt 30-40).(A5) I feel Moliere has tried to present the two

Importance of Inspirational Leaders, Well-Organised Human Resource Research Paper

Importance of Inspirational Leaders, Well-Organised Human Resource Serves in a Company - Research Paper Example integrated civilisation is the ultimate power to greatness and only companies with a strong and cohesive agriculture succeed, such as Apple, Google, Hewlett - Packard (HP) among others. According to Alice Branch (2003), Corporate culture can be sliced and diced and be understood the easier it is for culture to be signed, the healthier the culture and consequently, the stronger the companys business performance. A good lawsuit of this principle is McDonalds. Corporate culture involves the main aims of an organization, the strategies that will be employed in meeting those aims and the way the stakeholders should behave while striving to achieve those aims. It takes the sudor of the top management to maintain its culture this is by interacting a lot and communicating efficiently, especially to employees of what is expected of them (Auxillium West, 2008). Corporate behavio r is affected by effective leadership. The culture can be either weak or strong. Weak is where the employees fail to identify with the values of the organization hence need to be pushed to send out tasks from the organizations point of view. While the converse is true for strong cultures as people tend to think as a stem on the direction to be taken during decision making. Various methods have been employed in grouping cultural change. The David Francis innovation model insists that an appropriate culture must be adopted, developed and maintained over time. The culture of an organization must not only be supportive but also demanding. He further emphasized that for a culture to be right, the workforce must be given selective empowerment, high enrolment in the innovation and creativity process and deliberate encouragement for involvement in innovation.

Opening up a tavern at NDNU Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Opening up a tavern at NDNU - member Examplebecause this was what the contract with Bonjur provided for.Menlo College which is also a small university located nearby has the same situation as in NDNU in which its cafeteria operates between 1730 p.m. until 1930 p.m. for dinner but then has a tavern that opens at 1900 p.m. until it closes at 2300 p.m. Students are able to bring snacks from burgers to sandwiches if they failed to take dinner at the cafeteria. Menlo students can use their meal plans (chits or tavern money) when ordering (C. Dixon, personal communications, January 28, 2014). This is the same idea that NDNU is going to offer its avow students.I do not flip a car and if the caff is already closed, I have to wait until morning so I can have a real meal, said Jay Tsuruoka, an NDNU student athlete. Nico Charvet, also a NDNU student athlete, is likewise agreeable to the idea of a different option, especially if the cafeteria is closed already after his soccer practice. I am not hungry after practice so I eat much later, he added. A examine will be conducted among the NDNU students to know what they might want in a menu of snack foods. The plan is to allow students to use their meal plans (called flex dollars in the NDNU community) in order to make the Tavern a success this time around (Hurst,

What are the causes of organisational change and is organisational Essay

What are the causes of memorial tabletal change and is organisational change necessarily good - Essay congresswomanIn addition, organization has to make adjustments because of changes that are happening. It is pointed out above that technological change has prompted individuals, firms and other users to adapt it. Discussion in the next paragraphs relates to causes of organizational changes and causes of advantage and failure of organizational change. Thereafter, the significant of organizational changes is also reviewed.Halkos and Bousinakis (2012) acknowledge that the change of organization is necessary for them to move closer to larger commercialises. Change is also authorised for organization to meet the demands of internal and external business surroundings. Effective change can make a company more competitive and expand its market share. According to the authors, organisational change is necessity brought forward by management so as to attain the requirements of a larger so cial-economic environment, with the use of organizational structures, behaviours and process targeting process and advancement of the company.Modern organization have to embrace changes as pointed earlier above, technology has prompted many organisations to change. Adaptation and employment of new technologies is significant for any organisation that has to apply new materials, products, methods and processes. Additionally, the workers of the firm have to adapt to changes and update their skills every day. Furthermore, mergers, acquisition, globalization can make the organization to change. There are other factors much(prenominal) as social and political factors these factors can make organisation change its processes.Some people have doubts regarding organisational change, however, Burnes and Jackson (2011) point out that the change is eventful in the current world. Adaptation to changes according to the authors makes an organisation survive for a longer time. Organisational cha nge is vital it is quite difficult to achieve. This is because some

Mechanisms determining Temperature of the climate Essay

Mechanisms determining Temperature of the climate - Essay Exampleave expressed high sense of go away power towards the combating of climate change, their major problem has been on the specific steps to take in implementing the various policies that are suggested among climate change advocates. As a step towards solving this problem, this report is targeted towards drafting a insurance that will be well defined in the strategies and principles. This is to say that the major component of the form _or_ formation of government report will be to spell out the policies and ways of implementing them in a language that will be eaily understood by all users of the policy. Again, the policy in itself will aim at curbing the dangers associated with climate change. Further on, the various mechanisms that determine temperature in climate change will be highlighted so that needed solutions can easily be identified and worked towards. The report has been done in such a way that all terminologies that relate to climate system are defined in detail to make understanding of the report easier.In the subject of physics, we see natural and artificial mechanisms of work, involving the flow of particles and other objects. Because in the climate change, there is the flow of energy, we can generally describe the climate system as also being physics. Box (n.d) notes that The Earths climate, at both global and regional scales, is the result of dynamic balances in the flows of energy, when averaged over sufficiently large time and space scales. Here, the major energy being referred to is come alive energy. Most commonly, the time frame for measuring this equilibrium is twenty-five (25) years. On a global perspective, the climate system is determined on regional rear end such as for countries. The mechanism that goes to play in labeling a particular region with a particular climate is a measure of the whether that has existed there for a number of years. In this direction, the Met Off ice (2010) explains that climate is the average weather we expect over a long period of time. It must

A report on a piece of qualitative research - The Impact of Price Essay

A report on a piece of qualitative research - The Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi Arabia - Essay ExampleThe focus groups participated in a wrong simulation exercise followed by interviews. The price simulation exercise exposed the participants to price smorgasbords to their preferred vehicle and observed how they responded to those changes. The follow-up interviews were calculated to determine why the participants responded as they did to the price changes in the price simulation exercise. Research findings indicate that about customers will at the very least consider an alternative make when confronted with a price change. However, the more affluent and loyal customers will not change brands when price changes are insignificant and are reasonable. These results are analyzed by reference to a conceptual framework drawn from the work of Villargeo-Ramos and Sanchez (2005) and Yoo, Donthu, and Lee (2000) who complete a link between marketing communica tions and brand equity including brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty and perceived brand quality. The results of this study support that price changes as a marketing communication strategy is received and interpreted in the context of the different dimensions of brand equity.This is a qualitative sideslip study that investigates the responses of consumers in Saudi Arabia when experiencing sudden price adjustments to the leading models in automobile categories of small sedans, medium sedans, and small SUVs in Saudi Arabia. In token this qualitative case study seeks to determine from the perspective of Saudi Arabian consumers the extent that price influences their purchasing behavior the impact of price changes on the brand equity of Toyota in the context of brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty, and perceived quality and whether or not effective price management would improve or maintain Toyotas competitive edge in Saudi Arabias market. This chapter will explain the research methodology used for achieving the goals of this research study and the justifications for the methodology

An era of globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

An era of globalization - Essay ExampleApart from the economic conditions which allowed for the states generosity in regards to eudaemonia provision, political rationales sport also been forwarded as contributory to the rise of the offbeat state. The widespread victory of Labour parties in Europe, particularly in Britain, for example, is said to charter led to an increase in social policies targeted towards the social and economic security of the working class, the main beneficiaries of the welfare state and the backbvirtuoso of these parties. (Korpi 2003) Esping-Andersen also articulates another visual modality of the welfare states golden age as a political move to instill social citizenship among the citizenryIn moral terms, the welfare state promised a more universal, classless justice and solidarity of the people it was presented as a ray of hope to those who were asked to sacrifice for the common good in the war effort. The welfare state was and then also a political proj ect of nation-building the affirmation of liberal democracy against the twin perils of fascism and bolshevism. Many countries became self-proclaimed welfare states not so much to give a label to their social policies as to foster social integration. (1997)The presence of several contributory factors accountable for the welfare states golden age precludes the existence also of more than one factor responsible for its decline. As has been stated earlier, the decline of the welfare state is said to be marked by the economic recession of the mid-70s. starting signal from then, the expansion of welfare state provisions which marked the golden age of the post-war decades has grounded to a halt, and in most countries has reversed into a retrenchment. This trend continues to persist, and the factors contributing to it have been a matter of much debate. Demographics, or population characteristics such as age, fertility rates, and the gender composition of the labor force within these welfar e states is one of the key factors that has often been forwarded in regards to the welfare states decline. Changes in the demography of these welfare states, particularly an increase in the number of welfare recipients brought about by an aging population and decreased fertility rates, is said to exert demands on the welfare state which it cannot meet, resulting in a retrenchment of welfare policies. (Pierson 2001) As the main advocator of this view, Pierson further explains that this age shift in the population structure of these welfare states exerts tremendous pressure since it increases the demand on two key welfare sectors wellness and pension, sectors which, in the EU alone, accounted for almost 2/3 of the total spending on social protection in 1991. (2001) Cochrane agrees that demographics do influence the policy-making of welfare states In the golden age, the same demographic trends exerted similar pressure to the welfare states to increase welfare benefits and services. ( Cochrane 2001) The differences in government response then and now, though, indicate the preponderance of other factors which determine what

Comparison of EUS and ERCP in diagnosis of bile ducts stone Essay

Comparison of EUS and ERCP in diagnosis of bile ducts stone - Essay ExampleAll the authors possess masters degree in medicine and the last two authors possess even PhD degree. They are gastroenterologists with keen interest in mull and query pertaining to stones in bile ducts. The first and piece authors have published several articles pertaining to this topic. Thus the authors have professional experience and qualifications in this regard. An con is included in the study and is described heading wise. The abstract gives clear information in a concise manner about various aspects of the study. The abstract does identify the research problem, i.e., factors affecting diagnostic accuracy and comparison of patients in the follow-up period for negative outcomes are not thoroughly investigated in a randomized trial. There is no hypothesis in the research. The methodology, precedent subjects and major findings in the study are mentioned in the abstract. The rationale for the study is clearly mentioned. The limitations of the study are not mentioned.The literature review in the study is not in detail and very short. However, it is up-to-date. No underlying theoretical frameworks have been identified in the study. The literature review however, does identify the need for the research proposal. There is no hypothesis in the study. The methodology is clear. The study is a prospective unicentric randomized study conducted over one year after give up approval from the Ethics committee. 256 patients with suspected biliary stone disease who were hospitalized were included in the study. The aims and objectives in the study are clear and well defined. Even petty(a) objectives are indicated. All the terms in the research are clearly defined. A standardized criteria defined by Barkun et al 17 was used to agree common bile duct stones. The methodology is clear, reproducible and appropriate to the research problem. The inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria for this stu dy are definite and described

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business law - Essay Example(c) the provision, criterion or practice puts or likely to put B at that disadvantage and (d) whereby A cannot justify his actions in pursuit of achieving a legitimate aim (legislation.gov.uk, n.d.). Thus, indirect discrimination can arise out of an employers insurance applicable to everyone in the organization but happens to put a particular defend characteristic at a disadvantage. Sex is one of the nine protected characteristics under Equality Act. Indirect discrimination described above is a prohibited conduct in relation to the protected characteristics, subject to exceptions. The acts of discrimination as described above argon applicable to persons or an individual with a protected characteristic. It also includes perceived discrimination. To cite an example of indirect discrimination in respect of a protected characteristic of sex, it is an indirect discrimination on the grounds of sex to impose a condition on a womanhood employee having young chil dren to be cared for, to work in night shift. However, an employer can justify his policy if he could show that he has acted reasonably during the course of his business as a pro administerate means of achieving a legitimate aim which might be a lawful decision. ... Since stock prices would arrive late in the afternoon, requiring an employer not to insist employees to sit late in the afternoons of winter seasons is not justified since it is a legitimate need for the business to get stock prices for which there are no alternatives (ACAS, 2011). It was held in British Airways v Starmer (2005) that the employer erred in requiring a full time woman pilot to work 75 % part time as against her request to work on 50 % of the time to take care of her children since it amounted to act of sec discrimination having the potential to affect a significant portion of women workforce and the employer failed to provide evidence to justify application of provision or practice. (Painter & Holmes, 2012 , p. 259) . Qn 2. This is a case of harassment defined in Equality Act 2010 and EU Directive 2000/78 as an unwarranted or undesirable conduct which has the potential of causing threatening, hostile, degrading, and humiliating or offensive environment or has the core group of violating dignity. This can take place in relation to any of the protected characteristics. Sexual orientation is one of them. The definition demonstrates the severity of the problem of harassment at workplace that pollutes the workplace environment. It is a prohibited conduct as per particle 26 of the Equality Act as described under sub section 26 (1) (legislation.gov.uk, n.d.). Equality law allows other employees to complain even if the harassment is not directed at them (ACAS, 2011, p. 2). Thus Allan can file a disorder before the Employment Tribunal within six months of date of commission of harassment extended from three months as decided by House of Lords as a result of series of

The Pros of Therapeutic Cloning Essay Example for Free

The Pros of Therapeutic Cloning Es swearAre you for or against hu world clone? Before you answer this pertinent question, record this. A loved one who is very dear to you is diagnosed with a serious disease such as muscular dystrophy, Parkinsons disease, or even diabetes. If they could be treated, cured or sire their life saved by fore cadres or the results of cloning research, would that change your answer? Cloning bum be defined as creating an identical copy of a plant or animal from the genetic material of a single organism (Cloning). There argon cardinal main types of human cloning, reproductive and therapeutic.Reproductive human cloning would essentially produce entire, living human beings, whereas therapeutic cloning would whole produce move or pieces such as create from raw stuff samples or organs needed for transplantation. The major debate all over cloning is an ethical one. Would a clone have the same rights as the original? Would cloning result in a new for m of slavery? Personally, I am not sure what the answers to these questions are. to a greater extentover regardless, therapeutic cloning should be allowed because humans are not being created, only the components needed to heal ailing patients.One major issue in regards to the cloning debate is the conjoining of the two separate types of cloning. The public sees cloning as the creation of a belated twin, which actually only describes reproductive cloning. When most muckle think about cloning they picture a mad scientist creating faux citizenry in some dank, secret laboratory. In reality, this is about as out-of-the-way(prenominal) from the truth as one can get. Medical science is very far from creating actual spate. However, we are much closer to discovering the necessary technology for producing cells and tissue samples essential for the treating, and possibly curing, of many debilitating diseases. block cell research is a major part of indispensable advances in therapeutic cl oning. Stem cells are useful because of their ability to become other cell typesEmbryonic stem (ES) cells, however, have a much greater developmental probable than Adult stem cells and can be coaxed to give rise to nearly every cell type (Davies, Fairchild, and Silk). Stem cells can be used to start established cell lines, from which octuple different cell types can be grown.This technology could be utilized majorly for replacement tissue growth, which is crucial to the treatment of diseases such as Parkinsons, multiple sclerosis, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which is more commonly referred to as Lou Gehrigs disease. Therapeutic cloning is not nearly as complicated as some people make it out to be. According to Kevin Bonsor and Cristen Conger on the How Stuff Works website, which is a Discovery Channel company, therapeutic cloning involves a serious of steps. desoxyribonucleic acid is extracted from a sick person. The DNA is then inserted into an enucleated donor egg an egg w ith the nucleus removed.The egg then divides like a typical fertilized egg and forms an embryo. Stem cells are removed from the embryo. Any kind of tissue or organ can be grown from these stem cells to treat various ailments and diseases. Using this process, bouncing organs can be grown to replace damaged ones, or new skin can be produced to graft onto a burn victim. Furthermore, neurons can be grown to help treat patients with Alzheimers, Parkinsons, or other neurological ailments. Therapeutic cloning is referred to in the field as nuclear transportation or, more specifically, somatic cell nuclear transfer.According to an article written by Chan et al. in 2008, scientists conducted a study to learn whether or not they could treat Parkinsons in mice and it began with the derivation of 187 ntES (nuclear transfer Embryonic Stem) cell lines from twenty four parkinsonian mice. Based on the information found in this study it is reasonable to say that, using therapeutic cloning, we may be able to treat Parkinsons disease in mice (Chan et al. ). Taking that into account, it is hardly a far stretch until aesculapian experts are capable of treating human sufferers of Parkinsons.Furthermore, this study alone should be proof enough that research into therapeutic cloning is not only ethical, barely necessary. Gregg Wasson was a distinguished law practitioner, and his fiancee, Ann Campbell, an author of childrens books. That is, until they were both diagnosed with Parkinsons disease and their careers were ended by their impending dementia. Somehow, with help from the twenty five odd medications he take every day, Gregg managed to testify on behalf of the Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research (CAMR) in front of the U. S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary.With medicine where it is right now, this man is required to spend around $11,000 every year on his medication, and continue to medicate every three hours. Furthermore, Parkinsons medications become less ef fective over time, so eventually his medications impart no longer accomplish their job and he will slowly die (Therapeutic). If the government were to put a ban on therapeutic cloning, this would be the life that millions of Americans would be condemned to. However, if research is allowed to continue, we could someday be able to help these people, or even cure them.In the words of Gerald Ford, the thirty-eighth president of the United States of America, reproductive cloning would be a perversion of science. On the other hand, however, he argues that therapeutic cloning is anything but. In 2002, around the time of Fords eighty-ninth birthday, a bill was put before Congress that would ban not only reproductive cloning, but therapeutic as well. The late President Ford said that therapeutic cloning is a very different branch of science that holds limitless potential to improve or extend life for 130 million Americans now suffering from chronic or debilitating conditions.He felt that al l of these people deserved the best possible care that science and medicine could possibly produce, and banning therapeutic cloning would hinder advancement toward this goal significantly (Ford). The unattackable epitome of the opposition to cloning is that people should not have the power to create people. This resistance does not apply here since I am only in favor of therapeutic cloning. Some may say that growing human tissue is equally as immoral as creating entire humans, to which I reply, is taking a biopsy equally as immoral as committing murder?Others may say that cloning is a boldfaced violation of the Nuremburg code. I feel that this does not even remotely apply, since the code says, in laymans terms, that it is wrong to initiate experimentation on a human subject when it is known that the solvent may be serious pain, injury, or death. People have been cloning plants for thousands of yearsMany common fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants are produced in this way from erect plant with especially desirable characteristics (Cloning).Why, then, are people so opposed to it now? Fear of the unknown begets anger and opposition. Society has no idea what may come of cloning or stem cell research, so they wholeheartedly combat them. A number of people believe they do know will happen, and their ideas are often incredible stretches of the imagination. In my opinion, the worst possible outcome of therapeutic cloning would be to discover that some conditions and diseases are actually permanent or incurable.

Default and Disputes Essay Example for Free

De fourth dimension out and Disputes EssayIn this paper I will discuss the ratiocination and methodology behind government cartel disregards and disputes. I will also give recommendation to skill and make up containment. The standard cause article which gives a customer the right to unilaterally terminate the shoveor if the asserter fails to perform according to the specified terms. The contractor is generally not entitled to each remuneration for the unfinished part of the contract and, instead, whitethorn be liable for (1) repayment of monies advanced, (2) liquidated and other damages, and (3) excess cost incurred by the customer in completing the contract low a new contractor. Two primary types of frontiers can arise under government contracts termination for default and termination for the governments gimmick. Besides a criminal conviction or debarment or suspension for default is undoubtedly the most severe agency sanction that a termination can befall a gover nment contactor. Terminations for default are much more common in lend contracts than in construction contracts.The standard clause used in supply and service contracts recites that the government has the right terminate for default if the contractor fails to (1) deliver the contract supplies or perform the run on meter, (2) make progress so as to endanger performance of the contract. The Termination for perform term also names three bases for terminating a commercial dot contract for default (a) any default by the contractor, (b) calamity by the contractor to comply with any contact terms or conditions, and (c) failure by the contractor to provide the government on request, with adequate assurances of future performance. The governments right to terminate is not limited by standard recap clauses, because they permit the government to exercise any other rights and remedies allowed by the contract. heedlessness terminations are provided for in government contracts under stand ard clauses set forth in the FAR. 52. 2498 Default (Fixed-Price Supply and Service).As prescribed in 49. 04(a)(1), insert the following clause DEFAULT (FIXED-PRICE SUPPLY AND SERVICE) (APR 1984) (a)(1) The Government may, subject to paragraphs (c) and (d) below, by indite notice of default to the Contractor, terminate this contract in whole or in part if the Con- tractor fails to(i) Deliver the supplies or to perform the services within the time specified in this contract or any extension (ii) Make progress, so as to endanger performance of this contract ( only when see subparagraph (a)(2) below) or (iii) coiffure any of the other provisions of this contract (but see subparagraph (a)(2) below). 2) The Governments right to terminate this contract under subdivisions (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) above, may be exercised if the Con- tractor does not restore such failure within 10 days (or more if authorized in writing by the espial ships officer) after receipt of the no- tice from the cont ract Officer specifying the failure. (b) If the Government terminates this contract in whole or in part, it may acquire, under the terms and in the manner the promise Officer considers appropriate, supplies or services similar to those terminated, and the Contractor will be liable to the Government for any excess costs for those sup- plies or services.However, the Contractor shall continue the work not terminated. (c) overleap for defaults of subcontractors at any tier, the Contractor shall not be liable for any excess costs if the failure to perform the contract arises from causes beyond the control and without the fault or heedlessness of the Contractor. Examples of such causes include (1) acts of God or of the public enemy, (2) acts of the Government in each its sovereign or contractual capacity, (3) fires, (4) floods, (5) epidemics, (6) quarantine restrictions (7) strikes, (8) incumbrance embargoes, and (9) unusually severe weather.In each instance the failure to perform m ust be beyond the control and without the fault or negligence of the Contractor. (d) If the failure to perform is caused by the default of a subcontractor at any tier, and if the cause of the default is beyond the control of both the Contractor and subcontractor, and without the fault or negligence of either, the Contractor shall not be liable for any excess costs for failure to perform, unless the subcontracted supplies or services were obtainable from other sources in sufficient time for the Contractor to meet the required speech schedule. e) If this contract is terminated for de- fault, the Government may require the Con- tractor to transfer title and deliver to the Government, as directed by the Contracting Officer, any (1) have it offd supplies, and (2) partially completed supplies and materials, parts, tools, dies, jigs, fixtures, plans, drawings, information, and contract rights (collectively referred to as manufacturing materials in this clause) that the Contractor has spec ifically produced or acquired for the terminated portion of this contract.Upon direction of the Contracting Officer, the Con- tractor shall also protect and preserve property in its possession in which the Government has an spare-time activity. (f) The Government shall pay contract price for completed supplies delivered and accepted. The Contractor and Contracting Officer shall agree on the standard of payment for manufacturing materials delivered and accepted and for the protection and preservation of the property. Failure to agree will be a dispute under the Disputes clause.The Government may withhold from these amounts any sum the Contracting Officer determines to be necessary to protect the Government against loss because of outstanding liens or claims of originator lien holders. (g) If, after termination, it is determined that the Contractor was not in default, or that the default was excusable, the rights and obligations of the parties shall be the same as if the terminatio n had been issued for the convenience of the Government. (h) The rights and remedies of the Government in this clause are in addition to any other rights and remedies provided by law or nder this contract. FAR 52. 249-10 Default (Fixed-Price Construction) Clause (a) If the contractor refuses or fails to censure the work or any separable part, with the diligence what will insure its completion within the time specified in this contract including any extension, or fails to complete the work within this time, the government may, by written notice to the contractor, terminate the right to proceed with the work (or the separable part of the work) that has been delayed.In this event, the government may take over the work and complete it by contract or otherwise, may take over the work and complete it by contract or otherwise, and may take possession of and use any material, appliances, and plant on the work site necessary for completing the work. Although the Termination for Cause term i n commercial item contracts does not contain a cure notice requirement, the FAR termination procedures for commercial item contracts require the Contracting Officer to send a standard cure notice prior to terminating a contract for a reason other than late delivery. Consequences And Remedies Of Termination For Default And Termination For Convenience If a board or court determines that the contractor was not actually in default or the default was excusable, the termination for default will be converted into a termination for convenience. Similarly, before the appeal is even decided, the Contracting Officer can convert the termination for default into unmatchable for the governments convenience.The Contractors recovery under a convenience termination may be significant. For example, under a convenience termination, the contractor is eligible to recover its costs of performance, some continuing costs, settlement expenses, and a sensible profit on completed work. Should the contractor be unsuccessful in contesting the propriety of the default termination itself, it may still be able to challenge the excess costs assessment and achieve a reduction or elimination of those costs.The Fulford doctrine permits contractors to challenge the governments imposition of excess re-procurement costs even if the time has expired for appealing the underlying default termination, but does not trump the Contract Disputes crook election doctrine. Remedy of Excess Cost of Re-procurement and Liquidated Damages The standard measures of excess costs is the difference between the contract price of the terminated contract and the price the government is required to pay to the re-procurement contractor for quantity f supplies or services called for under the terminated contract or for completion of unfinished work remaining under the terminated contract. To assess excess costs against the defaulted contractor, the government must show that the re-procurement contract has been performed and that complete payment has been made. The government may not obtain re-procurement costs for work that the government prevented the contractor from performing.If the default-terminated contract contains a Liquidated Damages clause, those damages may be assessed against the contractor until the government obtains completion of the contract work. Liquidated damages are in addition to the excess costs of re-procurement The Liquidated Damages clause used in fixed-price supply and service contracts provides that, in the case of a termination for default, the contractor shall be liable for liquidated damages (as well as excess costs) until the time the government may reasonably obtain delivery or performance of similar supplies or services. The Liquidated Damages clause requires the contractor to pay the government a specific amount for each calendar day of delay. The stipulated amount of the liquidated damages is set at the time the contract is entered into and is the parties estimate of the bound of loss that one partys breach of the contract would cause to the other.Government policy is to use a Liquidated Damages clause in a contract when both (1)the time of delivery or performance is such an important factor that the government may reasonably expect to suffer damages if the delivery or performance is delinquent, and (2) the extent or amount or actual damages would be difficult or impossible to ascertain or prove. Contract Disputes Act The Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (CDA), which became effective on March 1, 1979, establishes the procedures for handling claims relating to United States federal Government contracts.All claims by the contractor against the Federal Government must be submitted in writing to the Governments Contracting Officer for a termination. All claims by the Federal Government against the contractor must be the subject of a decision by the Contracting Officer. Apart from claims by the Federal Government alleging fraud in connection with a claim by the contractor, all claims by either the Federal Government or the contractor must be submitted within six years after the accrual of the claim.Claims by the contractor that exceed $100,000 must be accompanied by a certification that (i) the claim is made in good faith, (ii) the supporting data are accurate and complete to the best of the contractors intimacy and belief, (iii) the amount requested represents the contract adjustment for which the contractor believes the Federal Government is liable, and (iv) the certifier is authorized to submit the certification on behalf of the contractor.There are procedures in the legislative act for remedying certifications that do not exactly mimic the required certification language. For claims of $100,000 or less, the Contracting Officer is required to issue a decision within 60 days of receipt of the claim provided the contractor requests a decision within that time period. For claims in excess of $100,000, the Contracting Offic er is required, within 60 days, either to issue a decision or notify the contractor when a decision will be issued.All decisions should be issued within a reasonable time, taking into account the nature of the claim, and, if they are not, the contractor may either request a tribunal to direct the Contracting Officer to issue a decision within a specified time or treat the failure to issue a decision as an appealable deemed denial of the claim.If the contractor is dissatisfied with the Contracting Officers decision on a claim, the contractor may (i) appeal that decision to the cognizant agency board of contractor appeals within 90 days of receipt of the decision or (ii) bring suit on the claim in the United States Court of Federal Claims within 12 months. Decisions not appealed within one of these time periods become final and conclusive.There are procedures in the statute authorizing the use of mutually agreeable alternative dispute endurance techniques for handling disputes and we ll as for the use of streamlined and accelerated litigation procedures for smaller claims at the boards of contract appeals. The losing party may appeal a decision by either a board of contract appeals or the United States Court of Federal Claims to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. A contractor is entitled to interest on the amount found due on its claim running from the date the Contracting Officer received the claim until the claim is paid.Good acquisition planning is crucial to the overall project objective, government spending, tailored to objectives and constraints, and is flexible enough to allow innovation and modification as the project evolves. The strategy balances cost and effectiveness through development of technological options, exploration of design concepts, and planning and conduct of acquisition activities. These elements are directed toward either a planned sign Operational Capability or retention for possible future use, while adhering to a program budget.The strategy should be structured to achieve program perceptual constancy by minimizing technical, schedule, and cost risks. Thus the criteria of realism, stability, balance, flexibility, and managed risk should be used to guide the development and execution of an acquisition strategy and to evaluate its effectiveness. The acquisition strategy must reflect the interrelationships and schedule of acquisition phases and events based on a logical sequence of demonstrated accomplishments, not on fiscal or calendar expediency.